ArticleBMC public health2023
Resurgence of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in Egypt following two years of decline during the COVID-19 pandemic: outpatient clinic survey of infants and children, October 2022.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- A comprehensive look at Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): from pathogenesis to prevention.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2026Review
- Post-Pandemic Resurgence and Seasonal Patterns of Influenza Viruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Arequipa, Peru (2021-2023).Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The prevalence and role of human respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Article
- [Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Clinical Challenges of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Co-infections in Children].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Review
- Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza paediatric viral respiratory infections in southwest Saudi Arabia.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics of Paediatric RSV, Influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Insights from Three Consecutive Seasons.Viruses · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Infections in Hospitalized Children During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.Viruses · 2025Article
- Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses in Respiratory Specimens Using the VitaSIRODiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Changing Epidemiological Pattern and Higher Disease Burden of Influenza in China, 2022 to 2025.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Childhood infectious diseases: experiences and challenges.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Article
- Childhood necrotising pneumonia, empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusion secondary to community acquired pneumonia: report of 158 cases from a tertiary hospital in Egypt.Respiratory research · 2025Observational
- Prevalence of common respiratory viruses in children: insights from post-pandemic surveillance.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Investigating DNA damage caused by COVID-19 and influenza in post COVID-19.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Article
- Changes in Respiratory Viruses' Activity in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Shifting respiratory pathogens: Post-COVID-19 trends in community-acquired infections in underserved communities.PloS one · 2025Article
- Molecular epidemiology of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2, other respiratory viruses and bacteria among children 0-2-year-olds in West Bengal: a one-year influenza-like illness surveillance study (2022-2023).Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Article
- The National Burden of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illness Across Levels of Severity in Egypt, 2016-2019.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of five non-COVID respiratory viruses among 37,139 all-age patients during 2018 - 2023 in Weifang, China: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTwo years after unprecedented low rates of circulation of most common respiratory viruses (SARS-CoV-2), the Egyptian ARI surveillance system detected an increase in acute respiratory infections (ARIs) with a reduced circulation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), especially among school children. A national survey was conducted to estimate the burden and identify the viral causes of ARIs among children < 16 years of age.
methodsA one-day survey was carried out in 98 governmental outpatient clinics distributed all over Egypt 26 governorates. The four largest referral hospitals in each governorate where most influenza-like illness (ILI) patients seek care were selected. Using the WHO case definition, the first five patients < 16 years of age with ILI symptoms visiting the selected outpatient clinics on the survey day were enrolled. Basic demographic and clinical data of patients were collected using a linelist. Patients were swabbed and tested for SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) by RT-PCR at the Central Laboratory in Cairo.
resultsOverall, 530 patients enrolled, their mean age was 5.8 ± 4.2, 57.1% were males, and 70.2% reside in rural or semi-rural areas. Of all patients, 134 (25.3%) had influenza, 111 (20.9%) RSV, and 14 (2.8%) coinfections. Influenza-positive children were older compared to RSV, (7.2 ± 4.1, 4.3 ± 4.1, p < 0.001), with more than half of them (53.0%) being school students. Dyspnea was reported in RSV more than in influenza (62.2% vs. 49.3%, p < 0.05). Among RSV patients, children < 2 years had a higher rate of dyspnea than others (86.7% vs. 53.1%, < 0.001).
conclusionsA resurgence of influenza and RSV was detected in Egypt in the 2022-2023 winter season. Influenza caused a higher rate of infection than RSV, while RSV caused more severe symptoms than influenza. Monitoring a broader range of respiratory pathogens is recommended to estimate the ARI burden and risky groups for severe disease in Egypt.
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