Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37277747›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2023

Caretakers' stated willingness to pay for children's spectacles in cross river state, Nigeria and its implication for a cross-subsidisation scheme: a cross-sectional study.

Anne Effiom Ebri, Ciaran O'Neill, Kenneth Azubuike, Nathan Congdon, Christine Graham, Lynne Lohfeld, Ving Fai Chan

Open access · goldAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 35% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Anne Effiom EbriCharis Vision & Health Mission, Calabar, Nigeria.
Ciaran O'NeillCentre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Block A, Royal Victoria Hospital, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK.
Kenneth AzubuikeCharis Vision & Health Mission, Calabar, Nigeria.
Nathan CongdonCentre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Block A, Royal Victoria Hospital, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK.
Christine GrahamCentre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Block A, Royal Victoria Hospital, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK.
Lynne LohfeldCentre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Block A, Royal Victoria Hospital, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK.
Ving Fai ChanCentre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Block A, Royal Victoria Hospital, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK. v.chan@qub.ac.uk.
Queen's University Belfast · GBRoyal Victoria Hospital · GBUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal · ZA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUnderstanding caretakers' willingness to pay (WTP) for their children's spectacles is essential to improving the sustainability of refractive error services and spectacle provision. Therefore, we investigated the willingness of caretakers to pay for their children's spectacles in a multi-centre study to develop a spectacle cross-subsidisation scheme in the Cross River State (CRS), Nigeria.

methodsWe administered the questionnaire to all caretakers whose children were referred from school vision screenings to four eye centres for full refraction assessment and dispensing of corrective spectacles from 9 August to 31 October 2019. We collected information on socio-demography, children's refractive error types, and spectacle prescription and then asked the caretakers about their WTP for the spectacles using a structured questionnaire and bidding format (in the local currency, Naira, ₦).

resultsA total of 137 respondents (response rate = 100%) from four centres were interviewed: with greater proportion of women (n = 92, 67.1%), aged between 41 and 50 years (n = 59, 43.1%), government employees (n = 64, 46.7%) and had acquired college or university education (n = 77, 56.2%). Of the 137 spectacles dispensed to their children, 74 (54.0%) had myopia or myopic astigmatism (equal to or greater than 0.50D). The mean stated WTP for the sample population was ₦3,560 (US$ 8.9) (SD ± ₦1,913.4). Men (p = 0.039), those with higher education (p < 0.001), higher monthly incomes (p = 0.042), and government employees (p = 0.001) were more willing to pay ₦3,600 (US$9.0) or more.

conclusionCombining our previous findings from marketing analysis, these findings provided a basis to plan for a children's spectacles cross-subsidisation scheme in CRS. Further research will be needed to determine the acceptability of the scheme and the actual WTP.

Indexed as

Refractive ErrorsVision ScreeningAdultChildCross-Sectional StudiesEyeglassesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNigeriaChildrenCross-subsidisationRefractive errorSpectaclesWillingness to pay

Identifiers

PMID37277747
PMCPMC10242797
OpenAlexW4379383803

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.