ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
Constitutively active B2 Raf-like kinases are required for drought-responsive gene expression upstream of ABA-activated SnRK2 kinases.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- From activation to desensitization: How ABA balances plant growth and abiotic stress response?Plant communications · 2026Review
- A RAF-SnRK2-PP2C functional module regulates cell survival in the chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Engineering climate-resilient horticultural crops: advances in transcriptional regulation, genome editing, and synthetic networks.Horticulture research · 2026Article
- Review
- Local peptide signalling induces stomatal closure under drought stress.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Protein Post-Translational Modifications in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Maintaining basal B-RAF kinase activity for abscisic acid signaling via reciprocal phosphoregulation of a single serine residue.Journal of integrative plant biology · 2025Article
- GhTOPP4aD and GhRAF36 inversely regulate cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) response to ABA and salt stress through reversible phosphorylation of GhABI1.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Identification of a novel stomatal opening chemical, PP242, that inhibits early abscisic acid signal transduction in guard cells.Plant & cell physiology · 2025Article
- Transcriptional gene network involved in drought stress response: application for crop breeding in the context of climate change.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Response of different cotton genotypes to salt stress and re-watering.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Effects of drought stress on physiological-biochemical characteristics and anatomical structure ofFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Hyperosmolarity-induced suppression of group B1 Raf-like protein kinases modulates drought-growth trade-off inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Osmotic signaling releases PP2C-mediated inhibition of Arabidopsis SnRK2s via the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BIK1.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Insights into ABA-Related Genes inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Characterization of metallothionein genes from Broussonetia papyrifera: metal binding and heavy metal tolerance mechanisms.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Regulatory networks in plant responses to drought and cold stress.Plant physiology · 2024Review
- Unveiling the crucial roles of abscisic acid in plant physiology: implications for enhancing stress tolerance and productivity.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Osmotic stresses, such as drought and high salinity, adversely affect plant growth and productivity. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates in response to osmotic stress and enhances stress tolerance in plants by triggering multiple physiological responses through ABA signaling. Subclass III SNF1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s) are key regulators of ABA signaling. Although SnRK2s have long been considered to be self-activated by autophosphorylation after release from PP2C-mediated inhibition, they were recently revealed to be activated by two independent subfamilies of group B Raf-like kinases, B2-RAFs and B3-RAFs, under osmotic stress conditions. However, the relationship between SnRK2 phosphorylation by these RAFs and SnRK2 autophosphorylation and the individual physiological roles of each RAF subfamily remain unknown. In this study, we indicated that B2-RAFs are constantly active and activate SnRK2s when released from PP2C-mediated inhibition by ABA-binding ABA receptors, whereas B3-RAFs are activated only under stress conditions in an ABA-independent manner and enhance SnRK2 activity. Autophosphorylation of subclass III SnRK2s is not sufficient for ABA responses, and B2-RAFs are needed to activate SnRK2s in an ABA-dependent manner. Using plants grown in soil, we found that B2-RAFs regulate subclass III SnRK2s at the early stage of drought stress, whereas B3-RAFs regulate SnRK2s at the later stage. Thus, B2-RAFs are essential kinases for the activation of subclass III SnRK2s in response to ABA under mild osmotic stress conditions, and B3-RAFs function as enhancers of SnRK2 activity under severe stress conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.