ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2023
Ecological drivers of sustained enzootic yellow fever virus transmission in Brazil, 2017-2021.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Yellow fever virus infection in non-human primates: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, seroprevalence, and epizootic case reports (1950-2025).Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Pooled it
- Significance of vertical transmission of arboviruses in mosquito-borne disease epidemiology.Parasites & vectors · 2025Pooled it
- Yellow fever beyond the Amazon: surveillance challenges and the role ofLancet regional health. Americas · 2026Review
- Surveillance Service of Yellow Fever in Non-Human Primates in the Federal District, Brazil, 2008-2022.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2026Article
- Uncovering Hidden Transmission: Active Surveillance Reveals Cryptic Circulation of Yellow Fever Virus in Urban Marmosets in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2024.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- CREATE and CONNECT: Arboviruses at the intersection of research and community outreach.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Human Herpesvirus 1 Associated with Epizootics in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Viruses · 2025Article
- Advancements and Challenges in Addressing Zoonotic Viral Infections with Epidemic and Pandemic Threats.Viruses · 2025Review
- Fatal yellow fever among captive non-human primates in southern Colombia, 2025.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Detection of neutralizing antibodies against arboviruses from liver homogenates.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Beyond Borders: Investigating the Mysteries of Cacipacoré, a Lesser-Studied Arbovirus in Brazil.Viruses · 2024Article
- Article
- The Coordinating Research on Emerging Arboviral Threats Encompassing the Neotropics (CREATE-NEO).Zoonoses (Shannon, Ireland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Beginning December 2016, sylvatic yellow fever (YF) outbreaks spread into southeastern Brazil, and Minas Gerais state experienced two sylvatic YF waves (2017 and 2018). Following these massive YF waves, we screened 187 free-living non-human primate (NHPs) carcasses collected throughout the state between January 2019 and June 2021 for YF virus (YFV) using RTqPCR. One sample belonging to a Callithrix, collected in June 2020, was positive for YFV. The viral strain belonged to the same lineage associated with 2017-2018 outbreaks, showing the continued enzootic circulation of YFV in the state. Next, using data from 781 NHPs carcasses collected in 2017-18, we used generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to identify the spatiotemporal and host-level drivers of YFV infection and intensity (an estimation of genomic viral load in the liver of infected NHP). Our GAMMs explained 65% and 68% of variation in virus infection and intensity, respectively, and uncovered strong temporal and spatial patterns for YFV infection and intensity. NHP infection was higher in the eastern part of Minas Gerais state, where 2017-2018 outbreaks affecting humans and NHPs were concentrated. The odds of YFV infection were significantly lower in NHPs from urban areas than from urban-rural or rural areas, while infection intensity was significantly lower in NHPs from urban areas or the urban-rural interface relative to rural areas. Both YFV infection and intensity were higher during the warm/rainy season compared to the cold/dry season. The higher YFV intensity in NHPs in warm/rainy periods could be a result of higher exposure to vectors and/or higher virus titers in vectors during this time resulting in the delivery of a higher virus dose and higher viral replication levels within NHPs. Further studies are needed to better test this hypothesis and further compare the dynamics of YFV enzootic cycles between different seasons.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.