ArticleFrontiers in medicine2023
Epidemiologic, clinical, and serum markers may improve discrimination between bacterial and viral etiologies of childhood pneumonia.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights into the mechanism of intestinal flora imbalance and immune disorder in co-morbidity of pneumonia and diarrhea in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics of pediatric pneumonia: a retrospective study.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Comparison of the systemic inflammatory response index and the systemic immune-inflammatory index in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus andFrontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Plasma levels of neurogenic inflammation related neuropeptides in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia and their potential diagnostic value in distinguishing viral and bacterial pneumonia.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Review
- Antibiotic Prescribing for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Community-Acquired Pneumonia: An Italian Pediatric Emergency Department's Real-Life Experience.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Discrimination of bacterial and viral etiologies of childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is often challenging. Unnecessary antibiotic administration exposes patients to undue risks and may engender antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to develop a prediction model using epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data to differentiate between bacterial and viral CAP. Methods: Data from 155 children with confirmed bacterial or mixed bacterial and viral infection ( Results: Diarrhea was more frequently reported in bacterial and mixed CAP, while viral infections more frequently occurred during Indonesia's rainy season. White blood cell counts (WBC), absolute neutrophil counts (ANC), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) were significantly higher in bacterial and mixed cases. After adjusting for covariates, the following were the most important predictors of bacterial or mixed CAP: rainy season (aOR 0.26; 95% CI 0.08-0.90; Conclusion: Combining clinical and laboratory profiles is potentially valuable for discriminating bacterial and mixed from viral pediatric CAP and may guide antibiotic use. Further studies with a larger sample size should be performed to validate this model.
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