ArticleInternational journal of bioprinting2023
3D-printed PNAGA thermosensitive hydrogelbased microrobots: An effective cancer therapy by temperature-triggered drug release.
Article in International journal of bioprinting, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smart microdevices for biomedical drug delivery: endogenous stimuli as the key to safer therapeutics.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Comparative efficacy of free and PNAGA-encapsulated antimalarial drugs: temperature-dependent modulation ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Magnetic Microrobots for Drug Delivery: A Review of Fabrication Materials, Structure Designs and Drug Delivery Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Thermosensitive Hydrogels: Mechanism, Optimization Strategies, and Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Trends in Photopolymerization 3D Printing for Advanced Drug Delivery Applications.Biomacromolecules · 2025Review
- Advances in micro-/nanorobots for cancer diagnosis and treatment: propulsion mechanisms, early detection, and cancer therapy.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hydrogels with temperature-responsive capabilities are increasingly utilized and researched owing to their prospective applications in the biomedical field. In this work, we developed thermosensitive poly-N-acryloyl glycinamide (PNAGA) hydrogels-based microrobots by using the advanced two-photon polymerization printing technology. N-acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA) concentration-dependent thermosensitive performance was presented and the underlying mechanism behind was discussed. Fast swelling behavior was achieved by PNAGA-100 at 45°C with a growth rate of 22.5%, which is the highest value among these PNAGA hydrogels. In addition, a drug release test of PNAGA-100-based thermosensitive hydrogels was conducted. Our microrobots demonstrate higher drug release amount at 45°C (close to body temperature) than at 25°C, indicating their great potential to be utilized in drug delivery in the human body. Furthermore, PNAGA-100-based thermosensitive microrobots are able to swim along the route as designed under the magnetic actuator after incubating with Fe@ZIF-8 crystals. Our biocompatible thermosensitive magnetic microrobots open up new options for biomedical applications and our work provides a robust pathway to the development of high-performance thermosensitive hydrogel-based microrobots.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.