ReviewFrontiers in molecular neuroscience2023
Extracellular vesicles highlight many cases of photoreceptor degeneration.
Review in Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exosomes in the treatment of age-related ophthalmic diseases: an updated review.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- PRCD-associated retinitis pigmentosa in dogs and humans.Experimental eye research · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial-enabled smart contact lenses: bridging sensing, therapy, and theranostics for next-generation ocular healthcare.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Tubulin hyperglutamylation induces retinal degeneration by disrupting ciliary architecture and protein trafficking.Zoological research · 2026Article
- Inpp5e is crucial for photoreceptor outer segment maintenance.Journal of cell science · 2025Article
- Exosomes in Ocular Health: Recent Insights into Pathology, Diagnostic Applications and Therapeutic Functions.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Contribution of intraflagellar transport to compartmentalization and maintenance of the photoreceptor cell.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles.Genetics · 2024Review
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1 author.
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Abstract
The release of extracellular vesicles is observed across numerous cell types and serves a range of biological functions including intercellular communication and waste disposal. One cell type which stands out for its robust capacity to release extracellular vesicles is the vertebrate photoreceptor cell. For decades, the release of extracellular vesicles by photoreceptors has been documented in many different animal models of photoreceptor degeneration and, more recently, in wild type photoreceptors. Here, I review all studies describing extracellular vesicle release by photoreceptors and discuss the most unifying theme among them-a photoreceptor cell fully, or partially, diverts its light sensitive membrane material to extracellular vesicles when it has defects in the delivery or morphing of this material into the photoreceptor's highly organized light sensing organelle. Because photoreceptors generate an enormous amount of light sensitive membrane every day, the diversion of this material to extracellular vesicles can cause a massive accumulation of these membranes within the retina. Little is known about the uptake of photoreceptor derived extracellular vesicles, although in some cases the retinal pigment epithelial cells, microglia, Müller glia, and/or photoreceptor cells themselves have been shown to phagocytize them.
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