ArticleNPJ vaccines2023
Analyzing immune responses to varied mRNA and protein vaccine sequences.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccines: current status, challenges and future prospects.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Evaluation of a multiantigen mRNA vaccine against EEHV1A in Asian elephants.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Molecular Dynamics-Guided Sterol Engineering of mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticles Reprograms Biodistribution and Enhances Spleen-Selective Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A protocol for single-sequence protein-RNA complex structure prediction using ProRNA3D-single.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of expression, immunogenicity, and safety profiles between linear and circular RNA vaccine platforms.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Designing 5' UTR sequences improves the capacity of mRNA therapeutics in preclinical models of aging and obesity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Helminth infection modulates the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in mice without compromising protective efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Engineering mammalian protein secretion: Toward the convergence of high-throughput biology and computational methods.Cell systems · 2025Review
- mRNA therapeutics: Transforming medicine through innovation in design, delivery, and disease treatment.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- RNA-based cancer vaccines: mechanisms, clinical progress, and translational challenges.Immunologic research · 2025Review
- Integration of TLR7/8 agonists into lipid nanoparticles enhances antigen-specific immune responses to N1-methyl-Ψ-modified mRNA-LNP vaccines.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Article
- Loop structure in poly(A) tail of mRNA vaccine enhances antigen translation efficiency and mRNA stability.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Rapid-Turnaround Co-Administration of mRNA-Based MHC-I and MHC-II-Restricted Neoantigens Enhances Immune Responses of Antigen-Specific CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- 3AIM-seq: Quality assessment of mRNA therapeutics using sequencing for 3' poly(A) tails of in vitro-transcribed mRNA.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- mRNA-LNP vaccines against hepatitis B virus induce protective immune responses in preventive and chronic mouse challenge models.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies Against the gD Protein of Feline Herpesvirus Type-1 by mRNA Immunization.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccine design using the proteome ofmSphere · 2025Article
- An mRNA Vaccine for Herpes Zoster and Its Efficacy Evaluation in Naïve/Primed Murine Models.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Novel Less Toxic, Lymphoid Tissue-Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles Containing a Vitamin B5-Derived Ionizable Lipid for mRNA Vaccine Delivery.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing Dentistry: Preclinical Insights and Future Applications of mRNA Vaccines in Dentistry-A Narrative Review.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, different types of vaccines, such as inactive, live-attenuated, messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein subunit, have been developed against SARS-CoV-2. This has unintentionally created a unique scenario where heterologous prime-boost vaccination against a single virus has been administered to a large human population. Here, we aimed to analyze whether the immunization order of vaccine types influences the efficacy of heterologous prime-boost vaccination, especially mRNA and protein-based vaccines. We developed a new mRNA vaccine encoding the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of the influenza virus using the 3'-UTR and 5'-UTR of muscle cells (mRNA-HA) and tested its efficacy by heterologous immunization with an HA protein vaccine (protein-HA). The results demonstrated higher IgG2a levels and hemagglutination inhibition titers in the mRNA-HA priming/protein-HA boosting (R-P) regimen than those induced by reverse immunization (protein-HA priming/mRNA-HA boosting, P-R). After the viral challenge, the R-P group showed lower virus loads and less inflammation in the lungs than the P-R group did. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the heterologous prime-boost groups had differentially activated immune response pathways, according to the order of immunization. In summary, our results demonstrate that the sequence of vaccination is critical to direct desired immune responses. This study demonstrates the potential of a heterologous vaccination strategy using mRNA and protein vaccine platforms against viral infection.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.