ReviewJournal of the American Academy of Dermatology2024
Cutaneous granulomas associated with rubella virus: A clinical review.
Review in Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sporotrichoid presentation of rubella-associated granulomatous dermatitis.JAAD case reports · 2026Article
- Rubella-associated granulomatous inflammation presenting as subcutaneous nodules in the lower extremities.JAAD case reports · 2026Article
- Cutaneous-Tropism Viruses: Unraveling Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Immunoprophylactic Strategies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- How I Treat: Infections and inborn errors of immunity-Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- TAP-I Deficiency Presenting With Chronic Granulomatous Rubella Virus-Driven Cutaneous Ulceration: A Case Report and Scoping Literature Review.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Current infectious disease management challenges in inborn errors of immunity.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025Review
- Granuloma and persistent detection of wild-type rubella virus in an immunocompromised patient.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- The Spectrum of Cutaneous Granulomatous Inflammation and Detection of Rubella Virus in Skin Biopsies of Patients With Common Variable Immune Deficiency.Journal of cutaneous pathology · 2025Article
- Clinical and immunological spectrum of MHC class I deficiency: insights from a long-term cohort with two novel mutations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Rubella virus chronic inflammatory disease and other unusual viral phenotypes in inborn errors of immunity.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Surveillance for rubella virus in samples obtained from non-immunodeficient individuals.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2024Article
- Therapy With Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine Enables Surgical Excision of Ulcerated Cutaneous Granulomas in a Patient With Ataxia Telangiectasia.Pediatric dermatologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Since the initial identification of vaccine-derived rubella virus (RuV) in the cutaneous granulomas of pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity in 2014, more than 80 cases of RuV granulomas have been reported implicating both vaccine-derived and wild type RuV. Previously thought to arise exclusively in patients with significant immunocompromise, the identification of RuV granulomas in clinically immunocompetent patients adds nuance to our understanding of the interplay between host environment, immune dysregulation, and RuV granuloma formation. This review summarizes the literature on RuV granulomas including clinical and histopathologic features, proposed pathomechanisms supporting granuloma development, and potential therapeutic options. There is no standardized algorithm to guide the workup and diagnosis of suspected RuV granulomas. We highlight the importance of contributing RuV granuloma cases to ongoing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance efforts to monitor wild type and vaccine-derived RuV transmission. Studies advancing our understanding of RuV granulomas may provide insights into the role of viral infectious agents in granulomatous disease pathogenesis and guide the development of improved therapeutic options.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.