Trial reportAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2023
Central-line associated bloodstream infections in intensive care units before and after implementation of daily antiseptic bathing with chlorhexidine or octenidine: a post-hoc analysis of a cluster-randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short- and long-term impact of aseptic bathing strategies on the skin microbiome in ICU patients.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Trial
- EFFECT of daily antiseptic bathing with octenidine on ICU-acquired bacteremia and ICU-acquired multidrug-resistant organisms: a multicenter, cluster-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.Intensive care medicine · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Development of infection control and preventive nursing assessment tool for central line-associated bloodstream infection in selected hospitals in China: an exploratory sequential mixed-method study.Infection prevention in practice · 2026Article
- Effects of daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine compared to bathing with soap and water on risk of death, clinical severity, and intensive care unit length of stay in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Effect of bathing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate every other day on healthcare-associated infections in the medical intensive care unit.Infection prevention in practice · 2026Article
- Comparative study of common over-the-counter wound care products against early and mature biofilms of antibiotic-resistant wound pathogens.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Central venous catheter infections: building a causal model with expert domain knowledge to inform future clinical trials.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Isolation and identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae phage ΦK2046: optimizing its antibacterial potential in combination with chlorhexidine.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Incidence, Compliance, and Risk Factor Associated with Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients: A Multicenter Study in an Upper Middle-Income Country.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Decolonization strategies against multidrug resistant organisms in the ICU.Intensive care medicine · 2024Article
- Using the interquartile range in infection prevention and control research.Infection prevention in practice · 2024Article
- Clinical Evidence for the Use of Octenidine Dihydrochloride to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections and DecreasePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective analysis of 12 years of national AMR surveillance data.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundsAntiseptic bathing did not reduce central-line (CL) associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in intensive care units (ICU) according to a recent cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT). However, this analysis did not consider baseline infection rates. Our post-hoc analysis of this cRCT aimed to use a before-after comparison to examine the effect of daily bathing with chlorhexidine, octenidine or water and soap (control) on ICU-attributable CLABSI rates.
methodsA post-hoc analysis of a multi-center cRCT was done. ICUs that did not yet perform routine antiseptic bathing were randomly assigned to one of three study groups applying daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine-impregnated cloths, 0.08% octenidine wash mitts or water and soap (control) for 12 months. Baseline data was assessed 12 months before the intervention started when all ICUs routinely used water and soap. Poisson regression and generalised estimating equation models were applied to identify changes of CLABSI rates per 1000 CL days between intervention and baseline periods in each study group.
resultsThe cRCT was conducted in 72 ICUs (24 per study group) including 76,139 patients in the baseline and 76,815 patients in the intervention period. In the chlorhexidine group, incidence density of CLABSI was reduced from 1.48 to 0.90 CLABSI per 1000 CL days comparing baseline versus intervention period (P = 0.0085). No reduction was observed in the octenidine group (1.26 versus 1.47 CLABSI per 1000 CL days, P = 0.8735) and the control group (1.20 versus 1.17, P = 0.3298). Adjusted incidence rate ratios (intervention versus baseline) were 0.63 (95%CI 0.46-0.87, P = 0.0172) in the chlorhexidine, 1.17 (95% CI 0.79-1.72, P = 0.5111) in the octenidine and 0.98 (95% CI 0.60-1.58, P = 0.9190) in the control group. Chlorhexidine bathing reduced CLABSI with gram-positive bacteria, mainly coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS).
conclusionsIn this post-hoc analysis of a cRCT, the application of 2% chlorhexidine-impregnated cloths reduced ICU-attributable CLABSI. This preventive effect of chlorhexidine was restricted to CLABSI caused by gram-positive pathogens (CoNS). In contrast, 0.08% octenidine wash mitts did not reduce CLABSI rates in ICUs. Trial registration Registration number DRKS00010475, registration date August 18, 2016.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.