ArticleMalaria journal2023
Clinical isolates of uncomplicated falciparum malaria from high and low malaria transmission areas show distinct pfcrt and pfmdr1 polymorphisms in western Ethiopia.
Article in Malaria journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence of kelch13 and Pfmdr1 gene mutations associated with antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Mapping Antimalarial Drug Resistance in Mozambique: A Systematic Review ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Molecular surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance markers in the pfcrt, pfmdr1 and pfmrp1 genes of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from southeastern Iran.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Spatial and temporal description of antimalarial drug resistance markers in Ghana using targeted amplicon deep sequencing.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Rising of antimalarial drug resistance Pfmdr1 N86Y and Pfcrt K76T gene in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- High prevalence and emerging positive association of kelch13 R622I and HRP2-based RDT negativity in Plasmodium falciparum in northern Ethiopia.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Molecular survey of pfmdr-1, pfcrt, and pfk13 gene mutations among patients returning from Plasmodium falciparum endemic areas to Turkey.Malaria journal · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPfcrt gene has been associated with chloroquine resistance and the pfmdr1 gene can alter malaria parasite susceptibility to lumefantrine, mefloquine, and chloroquine. In the absence of chloroquine (CQ) and extensive use of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) from 2004 to 2020 to treat uncomplicated falciparum malaria, pfcrt haplotype, and pfmdr1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined in two sites of West Ethiopia with a gradient of malaria transmission.
methods230 microscopically confirmed P. falciparum isolates were collected from Assosa (high transmission area) and Gida Ayana (low transmission area) sites, of which 225 of them tested positive by PCR. High-Resolution Melting Assay (HRM) was used to determine the prevalence of pfcrt haplotypes and pfmdr1 SNPs. Furthermore, the pfmdr1 gene copy number (CNV) was determined using real-time PCR. A P-value of less or equal to 0.05 was considered significant.
resultsOf the 225 samples, 95.5%, 94.4%, 86.7%, 91.1%, and 94.2% were successfully genotyped with HRM for pfcrt haplotype, pfmdr1-86, pfmdr1-184, pfmdr1-1042 and pfmdr1-1246, respectively. The mutant pfcrt haplotypes were detected among 33.5% (52/155) and 80% (48/60) of isolates collected from the Assosa and Gida Ayana sites, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum with chloroquine-resistant haplotypes was more prevalent in the Gida Ayana area compared with the Assosa area (COR = 8.4, P = 0.00). Pfmdr1-N86Y wild type and 184F mutations were found in 79.8% (166/208) and 73.4% (146/199) samples, respectively. No single mutation was observed at the pfmdr1-1042 locus; however, 89.6% (190/212) of parasites in West Ethiopia carry the wild-type D1246Y variants. Eight pfmdr1 haplotypes at codons N86Y-Y184F-D1246Y were identified with the dominant NFD 61% (122/200). There was no difference in the distribution of pfmdr1 SNPs, haplotypes, and CNV between the two study sites (P > 0.05).
conclusionPlasmodium falciparum with the pfcrt wild-type haplotype was prevalent in high malaria transmission site than in low transmission area. The NFD haplotype was the predominant haplotype of the N86Y-Y184F-D1246Y. A continuous investigation is needed to closely monitor the changes in the pfmdr1 SNPs, which are associated with the selection of parasite populations by ACT.
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