ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2023
Understanding intentionality of fentanyl use and drug overdose risk: Findings from a mixed methods study of people who inject drugs in New York City.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07148206 (Dronabinol and Epidiolex to Manage Uncontrolled Residual Symptoms of Buprenorphine Initiation Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dronabinol and Epidiolex to Manage Uncontrolled Residual Symptoms of Buprenorphine Initiation Trial
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl test strip use among people who use drugs in Rhode Island.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Trial
- Drug positivity, co-detection patterns, and demographic predictors in patients seeking substance use disorder treatment, United States, 2023.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Mapping needles, reducing harm: Findings from a geospatial, community-based needle collection and naloxone training initiative in Saskatchewan, Canada.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- The changing contribution of fentanyl use to non-fatal overdose among a cohort of people who inject drugs in San Diego, California: A longitudinal assessment.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Survey of local patterns of fentanyl exposure and harm reduction strategies in the Southeastern United States.The mental health clinician · 2026Article
- The evolving epidemiology of opioid use disorder: polysubstance use, drug supply transformation, and policy implications.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- A humanized monoclonal antibody attenuates fentanyl self-administration and reverses and prevents fentanyl-induced ventilatory depression in rhesus monkeys.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- System dynamics modeling to inform implementation of evidence-based prevention of opioid overdose and fatality: A state-level model from the New York HEALing Communities Study.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Fentanyl Polysubstance Use Patterns and Their Associations With Hepatitis C Virus, Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, and Non-Fatal Overdose Among People Who Inject Drugs in New York City.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- Mini-review: Harm reduction strategies among people who intentionally use fentanyl.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Decreased incubation of fentanyl seeking in the absence of proximal drug-paired stimuli.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Overdose education and naloxone distribution among women with a history of OUD transitioning to the community following jail release.Health & justice · 2025Article
- National and regional trends in fentanyl seizures in the United States, 2017-2023.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Frequency of Fentanyl Exposure in Emergency Department Patients With Illicit Drug Use.Annals of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Self-Reported Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyl Use and Associated Health and Substance Use Risks in the United States, 2022.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Correlates of fentanyl preference among people who use drugs in Rhode Island.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- High concordance between urine toxicology results and self-reported fentanyl use in Nevada and New Mexico.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Heroin or fentanyl: Prevalence of confirmed fentanyl in ED patients with suspected heroin overdose.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- Harm Reduction and Treatment Among People at High Risk of Overdose.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Barriers to, and Facilitators of, Checking Drugs for Adulterants in the Era of Fentanyl and Xylazine: Qualitative Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAs the proportion of drug overdose deaths involving fentanyl continues to increase in the US, monitoring exposure to and possible changes in intention to use fentanyl among people who use drugs (PWUD) is of great public health importance. This mixed methods study examines intentionality of fentanyl use among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in New York City during a period of unprecedently high rates of drug overdose mortality.
methodsBetween October 2021 and December 2022, N = 313 PWID were enrolled in a cross-sectional study that included a survey and urine toxicology screening. A subset of N = 162 PWID also participated in an in-depth interview (IDI) examining drug use patterns, including fentanyl use and experiences with drug overdose.
results83% of PWID were urine-toxicology positive for fentanyl, though only 18% reported recent intentional fentanyl use. Intentionality of fentanyl use was associated with being younger, white, increased drug use frequency, recent overdose (OD), recent stimulant use, among other characteristics. Qualitative findings suggest PWID tolerance to fentanyl may be increasing, which could result in an increased preference for fentanyl. Concern about overdose was common with nearly all PWID using overdose prevention strategies to avoid it.
conclusionThe findings from this study demonstrate a high prevalence of fentanyl use among PWID in NYC, despite an expressed preference for heroin. Our results suggest that the pervasiveness of fentanyl may be increasing fentanyl use and tolerance, which may contribute to an increased risk for drug overdose. Expanding access to existing evidence-based interventions such as naloxone and medications for opioid use disorder is necessary to reduce overdose mortality. Further, exploring the implementation of additional novel strategies to reduce the risk of drug overdose should be considered, including other forms of opioid maintenance treatment and expansion and government support for overdose prevention centers.
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