ArticleCancer cell international2023
Local radiotherapy for murine breast cancer increases risk of metastasis by promoting the recruitment of M-MDSCs in lung.
Article in Cancer cell international, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergizing Radiotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Solid Tumours: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Frontiers.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Contribution of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche: lessons learned from past experimentations and future directions.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of radioresistance: decoding macrophage-driven radioprotective niches through temporal-spatial reprogramming.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Radiotherapy: Regulation and Clinical Implications.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- Targeted inhibition of MDSC-derived exosomal miR-155-5p restrains epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer by regulating SIRT1.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Cancer Immunotherapy in Combination with Radiotherapy and/or Chemotherapy: Mechanisms and Clinical Therapy.MedComm · 2025Review
- Review
- Review
- Nomogram for predicting survival in breast cancer with lung metastasis based on SEER data.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Bacterial membrane-modified cerium oxide nanoboosters enhance systemic antitumor effects of radiotherapy in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment and their targeting in cancer therapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- The Effect of Ionising Radiation on the Properties of Tumour-Derived Exosomes and Their Ability to Modify the Biology of Non-Irradiated Breast Cancer Cells-An In Vitro Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Impact of Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy Combined With Broad Beam in a Preclinical Breast Cancer Model.Advances in radiation oncology · 2025Article
- Adjuvant COX inhibition augments STING signaling and cytolytic T cell infiltration in irradiated 4T1 tumors.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Nanotechnology for the theranostic opportunity of breast cancer lung metastasis: recent advancements and future challenges.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- RNA mMed (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRadiotherapy is one of the effective methods for treatment of breast cancer; however, controversies still exist with respect to radiotherapy for patients with TNBC. Here, we intend to explore the mechanism by which local radiotherapy promotes the recruitment of M-MDSCs in the lung and increases the risk of lung metastasis in TNBC tumor-bearing mice.
methodsA single dose of 20 Gy X-ray was used to locally irradiate the primary tumor of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Tumor growth, the number of pulmonary metastatic nodules, and the frequency of MDSCs were monitored in the mice. Antibody microarray and ELISA methods were used to analyze the cytokines in exosomes released by irradiated (IR) or non-IR 4T1 cells. The effects of the exosomes on recruitment of MDSCs and colonization of 4T1 cells in the lung of normal BALB/c mice were observed with the methods of FCM and pathological section staining. T lymphocytes or 4T1 cells co-cultured with MDSCs were performed to demonstrate the inhibitory effect on T lymphocytes or accelerative migration effect on 4T1 cells. Finally, a series of in vitro experiments demonstrated how the exosomes promote the recruitment of M-MDSCs in lung of mice.
resultsEven though radiotherapy reduced the burden of primary tumors and larger lung metastatic nodules (≥ 0.4 mm
conclusionsOur work has identified an undesired effect of radiotherapy that may promote immunosuppressive premetastatic niches formation by recruiting M-MDSCs to lung. Further studies on radiotherapy combined CXCR2 or CCR2 signals inhibitors were necessary.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.