ArticleCell host & microbe2023
Airway T cells are a correlate of i.v. Bacille Calmette-Guerin-mediated protection against tuberculosis in rhesus macaques.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- γδ T Cells at the Crossroads of Tuberculosis and COPD: From Early Immunity to Tissue Remodeling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Mucosal BCG Vaccination and Immune Layering: Route-Dependent Programming of Immunity at the Respiratory Interface.Vaccines · 2026Review
- The host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis determining protection or disease progression.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Mtb-Specific Interferon-Gamma ELISpot Assays Have Greater Sensitivity for Detecting Mtb Infection Compared to Tuberculin Skin Test in a Cohort of Experimentally M. tuberculosis-Infected Macaques.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026Article
- Immunological mechanistic action of intravenous BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Context-specific roles for IL-17 in tuberculosis.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- Rare variable M. tuberculosis antigens induce predominant Th17 responses in human infection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Revisiting T cells: Innate actions and emerging links to innate memory response.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Controlled human infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: practical considerations for clinical trials.The Lancet. Microbe · 2026Review
- IFN-γ- GranzymeB + Natural killer cells are induced by IV BCG vaccination and associated with protection against tuberculosis in rhesus macaques.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Protection against reinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis extends across heterologous Mtb lineages.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- CD8+ lymphocytes in immunity against tuberculosis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- BCG vaccination induces antibacterial effector functions among Vδ1/3 T cells that are associated with protection against tuberculosis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- T cell-macrophage interactions in tuberculosis: What we've got here is failure to communicate.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Cross-species blood transcriptional correlates of BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis include innate and adaptive immune processes.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Viral control is required for intravenous BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques.Research square · 2025Article
- The BCGMethodsX · 2025Article
- Individuals with latent tuberculosis infection display pulmonary airway enrichment and recall recruitment of CD4+ TRM with protective functional phenotypes.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- Article
- Early and opposing neutrophil and CD4 T cell responses shape pulmonary tuberculosis pathology.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the only approved Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) vaccine, provides limited durable protection when administered intradermally. However, recent work revealed that intravenous (i.v.) BCG administration yielded greater protection in macaques. Here, we perform a dose-ranging study of i.v. BCG vaccination in macaques to generate a range of immune responses and define correlates of protection. Seventeen of 34 macaques had no detectable infection after Mtb challenge. Multivariate analysis incorporating longitudinal cellular and humoral immune parameters uncovered an extensive and highly coordinated immune response from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). A minimal signature predicting protection contained four BAL immune features, of which three remained significant after dose correction: frequency of CD4 T cells producing TNF with interferon γ (IFNγ), frequency of those producing TNF with IL-17, and the number of NK cells. Blood immune features were less predictive of protection. We conclude that CD4 T cell immunity and NK cells in the airway correlate with protection following i.v. BCG.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.