ArticlePloS one2023
Effects of age on non-communicable disease risk factors among Nepalese adults.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The burden and risk factors of NCDs in Zimbabwe: evidence from the Zimbabwe population based HIV impact assessment 2020 survey.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Factors associated with morbidities among persons with disabilities in Malaysia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Demographic and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Iran: insights from a prospective cohort study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Comorbidities among women presenting for obstetric care in Uganda.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Predictors of dental caries among inmates in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Sedentary Behavior, Physical Inactivity, and the Prevalence of Hypertension, Diabetes, and Obesity During COVID-19 in Brazil.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Are the healers healthy? Exploring non-communicable diseases among healthcare workers in Ajman, United Arab Emirates.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Catastrophic and impoverishing impacts of health expenditures: a focus on non-communicable diseases in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Nepal.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases among government employees in Nepal: insights from a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Recommendations for screening of MetS: Utilizing total cholesterol for trend and prevalence estimates of Metabolic Syndrome among adults-findings from STEPS survey of Nepal.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Effects of a Six-Month Physical Activity Program on Health Risk Factors and Body Composition Among Overweight and Obese Middle-Aged Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccine uptake in individuals with functional difficulty, disability, and comorbid conditions: insights from a national survey in Bangladesh.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Burden of non-communicable diseases among women of reproductive age in Kenya: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Trends and Patterns of Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors in India.Cureus · 2024Review
- The burden and treatment of non-communicable diseases among healthcare workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and an increase in the prevalence of the underlying risk factors are creating a challenge to health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Nepal, deaths attributable to NCDs have been increasing, as has life expectancy. This poses questions with regards to how age and various risk factors interact in affecting NCDs. We analyzed the effects of age on NCD risk factors, using data from the Nepalese STEPs survey 2019, a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Six sociodemographic determinants, four behavioral risk factors, and four biological risk factors were examined. Age effects were analyzed among three age groups: below 35 years (young), 35-59 years (middle aged) and 60 years and above (elderly). The prevalence of selected behavioral risk factors for NCDs, notably smoking, alcohol consumption and insufficient physical activity, and some biological risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia) increases with age. The prevalence of most behavioral risk factors was highest among men and women aged 60 years and above. The prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was highest among the elderly, but the prevalence of diabetes and overweight/obesity was highest among the middle aged for both sexes. Age interactions in the association between behaviors and biological risk factors were surprisingly weak. However, age interactions were significant in the association between alcohol consumption and -hypertension, -overweight/obesity and -hyperlipidemia among women. While the prevalence of NCD risk factors tends to be higher among elders, the interaction between age and risk factors is complex. Most NCD risk factors are related to behaviors, which originate in young adulthood. It is necessary to diagnose and treat biological risk factors, in younger age groups before they manifest as NCDs. Similarly, behavior change interventions need to target these younger age groups to reduce the risk of NCDs later in life.
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