Observational studyJournal of addiction medicine
Patterns of Substance Use During Early Pregnancy and Associations With Behavioral Health Characteristics.
Observational study in Journal of addiction medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nicotine Exposure During Gestation: From Placental Dysfunction to Long-Term Neurobehavioral Outcomes.Birth defects research · 2026Review
- Recorded gestational violence and neonatal outcomes in a cohort of deliveries requiring neonatal hospitalization: a 15-year hospital-based perinatal registry study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Partner History of Problematic Substance Use and Self-Reported Substance Use During Early Pregnancy: Findings from Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2021-2022.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- Health Promotion and Support Grounded in Interconnected Influences on Alcohol Use in Pregnancy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Cannabis and Nicotine Substance Use Coercion During the Perinatal Period.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Using the PROMOTE Screener to Identify Psychosocial Risk Factors for Prenatal Substance Use.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe aims of the study are to identify patterns of early pregnancy substance use and to examine how these patterns relate to behavioral health conditions measured in early pregnancy.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study (N= 265,274 pregnancies) screened for alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, pharmaceutical opioids, and stimulants during the first trimester via self-report and urine toxicology tests in Kaiser Permanente Northern California from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019. To identify patterns of prenatal substance use, we conducted latent class analysis. We then calculated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, intimate partner violence, and family drug use history for each prenatal substance use group and compared the prevalences by estimating prevalence ratios using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.
resultsWe identified the following 4 latent groups with different patterns of substance use: ( a ) predominantly alcohol and no other substances (9.30%), ( b ) predominantly cannabis and no other substances (4.88%), ( c ) predominantly nicotine and some pharmaceutical opioids (1.09%), and ( d ) high-polysubstance (alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and stimulants; 0.36%); these pregnancies were compared with ( e ) no prenatal substance use (84.37%). The prevalence of all behavioral health conditions was elevated in all prenatal substance use groups compared with the no substance use group. Furthermore, the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders, intimate partner violence and family drug use history were greater in the high-polysubstance cluster than the alcohol and cannabis clusters.
conclusionsResults highlight the importance of screening and interventions for all types of substance use during early pregnancy and suggest a particularly high need to prioritize targeting early interventions to pregnant and reproductive age individuals with polysubstance use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.