Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37266747›Full record

ReviewMolecular and cellular biochemistry2024

Metformin role in Parkinson's disease: a double-sword effect.

Mohamed Alrouji, Hayder M Al-Kuraishy, Ali I Al-Gareeb, Nada A Ashour, Majid S Jabir, Walaa A Negm, Gaber El-Saber Batiha

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
15.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Exploring the impacts of type 2 diabetes and metformin use on Parkinson's disease: Mendelian randomization analysis and a national cohort study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Mohamed AlroujiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia.
Hayder M Al-KuraishyDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyia University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq.
Ali I Al-GareebDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyia University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq.
Nada A AshourDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
Majid S JabirDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Mersa Matruh, Egypt.
Walaa A NegmDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt. walaa.negm@pharm.tanta.edu.eg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0463-8047
Gaber El-Saber BatihaDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt. dr_gaber_batiha@vetmed.dmu.edu.eg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7817-425X
Mustansiriyah University · IQTanta University · EGDamanhour University · EGEgypt Nanotechnology Center · EGShaqra University · SA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease developed due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. There is no single effective treatment in the management of PD. Therefore, repurposing effective and approved drugs like metformin could be an effective strategy for managing PD. However, the mechanistic role of metformin in PD neuropathology was not fully elucidated. Metformin is an insulin-sensitizing agent used as a first-line therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and has the ability to reduce insulin resistance (IR). Metformin may have a beneficial effect on PD neuropathology. The neuroprotective effect of metformin is mainly mediated by activating adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK), which reduces mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and α-synuclein aggregation. As well, metformin mitigates brain IR a hallmark of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, metformin may harm PD neuropathology by inducing hyperhomocysteinemia and deficiency of folate and B12. Therefore, this review aimed to find the potential role of metformin regarding its protective and detrimental effects on the pathogenesis of PD. The mechanistic role of metformin in PD neuropathology was not fully elucidated. Most studies regarding metformin and its effectiveness in PD neuropathology were observed in preclinical studies, which are not fully translated into clinical settings. In addition, metformin effect on PD neuropathology was previously clarified in T2DM, potentially linked to an increasing PD risk. These limitations hinder the conclusion concerning the therapeutic efficacy of metformin and its beneficial and detrimental role in PD. Therefore, as metformin does not cause hypoglycemia and is a safe drug, it should be evaluated in non-diabetic patients concerning PD risk.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2MetforminNeurodegenerative DiseasesParkinson DiseaseDopaminergic NeuronsHumansMetforminDiabetes mellitusMetforminNeuroprotective effectParkinson’s disease

Identifiers

PMID37266747
OpenAlexW4379093529

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.