Statistical study of clinical trials with stem cells and their function in skin wound.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been known as a reliable and effective source to repair damaged tissues. The differentiation and self-renewal ability, easy access, immune system modulation capability, and important role in the process of repairing wounds have caused using these cells extensively in wound healing. In this review study, the role of MSCs is debated about different diseases especially in repairing skin wounds. This review article was obtained from 75 basic and trial articles on the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinical Trials databases between 2000 and 2022. MSCs are capable of migrating to the wound site and are effective in all stages of wound healing. These cells differentiate into skin cells and also inhibit inflammatory responses, proliferation, and differentiation cells through paracrine messages. They stimulate locally resident precursors, leading to angiogenesis, epithelial regeneration, and granular tissue formation. During maturation stages, these cells decrease fibrosis tissue formation and wound contraction and increase collagen expression and wound tensile strength. The molecular factors of the lesion site change function of these cells and cause MSCs to create a wound healing microenvironment instead of a fibrotic microenvironment. Currently, significant advances have been achieved in the delivery of MSCs to wound sites. These cells are injected intravenously or intradermally, with or without a scaffold. They are also used in the form of spray or hydrogels. Furthermore, the extracellular vesicles and the synergistic environment of these cells alone are effective. Forthcoming studies could lead to more effective treatment strategies for the use of MSCs in wound healing.