Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37265987›Full record

ReviewJAC-antimicrobial resistance2023

Drivers of inappropriate antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries.

Idemudia Imonikhe Otaigbe, Charles John Elikwu

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in JAC-antimicrobial resistance, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
116citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

116 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  10. Antibiotics Use Patterns in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review Analysis.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing
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56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Idemudia Imonikhe OtaigbeDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Clinical Sciences, Benjamin Carson (Snr.) College of Health & Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3140-1205
Charles John ElikwuDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Clinical Sciences, Benjamin Carson (Snr.) College of Health & Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2721-2903

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global security threat that accounts for about 700 000 deaths annually. Studies have shown that antimicrobial resistance could result in a 2% to 3.5% reduction in global Gross Domestic Product by 2050 and a loss of between 60 and 100 trillion US dollars, worth of economic output resulting in significant and widespread human suffering. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will be worse hit by an unchecked rise of AMR. For example, it is predicted that AMR could kill about 4.1 million people in Africa by 2050 if it is not curbed. Similarly rising rates of AMR will lead to increased treatment costs and an inability to attain universal health coverage, in LMICs with fragile health systems. Sadly, AMR is driven by the inappropriate use of antimicrobials, especially antibiotics. Inappropriate antibiotic use is a pertinent problem in LMICs where regulatory frame works are weak. Inappropriate antibiotic use in LMICs is a multifaceted problem that cuts across clinical and veterinary medicine and agriculture. Therefore, efforts geared at curbing inappropriate antibiotic use in LMICs must identify the factors that drive this problem (i.e. inappropriate antibiotic use) in these countries. A clear knowledge of these factors will guide effective policy and decision making to curb inappropriate antibiotic use and ultimately AMR. The focus of this review is to discuss the factors that drive inappropriate antibiotic use in LMICs.

Identifiers

PMID37265987
PMCPMC10230568

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.