ReviewFrontiers in oncology2023
The role of tumor microenvironment in drug resistance: emerging technologies to unravel breast cancer heterogeneity.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of intratumor heterogeneity on outcome and resistance to therapy in primary breast cancer: a systematic review.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Drug repurposing in oncology: a systematic review of anticancer effects of Lanatoside C at the molecular level.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- EZH2 Regulates the Proliferation-Senescence Balance and Tumor-Stromal Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The role of ECM mechanics in cancer mechanotransduction through unraveling the molecular machinery of integrins, FAK, and YAP signaling.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- Magnetic Reprogramming of Macrophages Stimulates Phagocytosis of Breast Cancer Cells via a TRPC1-STING Inflammatory Axis.Smart medicine · 2026Article
- Deep interpretable radiogenomic workflow deciphers tumor microenvironment from breast MRI and identifies clinician-interpretable biomarkers.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Transforming tumor microenvironments: nanotechnology and gene therapy in cellular signaling and epigenetic insight into chemo-resistance.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Pericytes and mesenchymal stromal cells converge toward pro-tumor phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Phase II trial of anlotinib-chemotherapy combination in pretreated HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: therapeutic efficacy and proteomic biomarker profiling.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Applying biotechnology to overcome cancer drug resistance and improve public health outcomes.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2026Article
- Hypoxia‑mediated Krebs von den Lungen‑6 expression in breast cancer: Implications for tumor invasion and metastasis.Oncology reports · 2026Article
- Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibition reverses cancer-associated fibroblast-mediated immunosuppression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- YAP1 Is a Crucial Nexus in the Tumor Microenvironment.Current medical science · 2026Review
- Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Integrin-Linked Kinase Inhibitors in Bioengineered 3D Breast Tumor Stroma Models.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Breast Cancer Multicellular Spheroid Models-A Tool for Studying Cancer Biology; a Possible Platform for Drug Screening and Personalized Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Engineering Complex Breast Tumor-Stroma Models: TMPyP4-Photodynamic Therapy Is More Effective at the Metastatic Site in Breast Tumors.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Targeting Macrophage Polarization in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: An Updated Review.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Review
- A Holistic Review of Oncological Drug Targets and Trajectories of Resistance in Cancer Therapy.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Scaffold-free 3D-cell co-culture model system for the study of metastatic cancer in the brain TME.PloS one · 2026Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, at both inter- and intra-tumor levels, and this heterogeneity is a crucial determinant of malignant progression and response to treatments. In addition to genetic diversity and plasticity of cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor heterogeneity shaping the physical and biological surroundings of the tumor. The activity of certain types of immune, endothelial or mesenchymal cells in the microenvironment can change the effectiveness of cancer therapies via a plethora of different mechanisms. Therefore, deciphering the interactions between the distinct cell types, their spatial organization and their specific contribution to tumor growth and drug sensitivity is still a major challenge. Dissecting intra-tumor heterogeneity is currently an urgent need to better define breast cancer biology and to develop therapeutic strategies targeting the microenvironment as helpful tools for combined and personalized treatment. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment affects the characteristics of tumor heterogeneity that ultimately result in drug resistance, and we outline state of the art preclinical models and emerging technologies that will be instrumental in unraveling the impact of the tumor microenvironment on resistance to therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.