ArticleJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2023
Association between muscle strength and mass and bone mineral density in the US general population: data from NHANES 1999-2002.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship between Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength with Bone Density in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2025Pooled it
- Optimization of high-intensity resistance exercise protocols for improving bone mineral density in the elderly without chronic diseases: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- The influence of physical activity intensity on bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in young adults with overweight and obesity.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Trial
- Electrical stimulation paradigms on muscle quality and bone mineral density after spinal cord injury.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Trial
- Muscle Mass, Adiposity, and Bone Health in Surgical Care Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of bone metabolism · 2026Article
- Association between appendicular skeletal muscle index and bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- The Muscle-Bone Unit in Male Elite Soccer Players Aged 14-19.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Hand grip strength trajectories and the risk of low bone mineral density in 6-7-year-old children: a prospective study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Hip Fractures: Clinical, Biomaterial and Biomechanical Insights into a Common Health Challenge.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association of a Combined Body Mass Index and Regional Body Fat Percentage Metric With Fragility Fracture Risk: Evidence from a Large Observational Cohort.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Observational
- Association between long-term exercise with different osteogenic index, dietary patterns, body composition, biological factors, and bone mineral density in female elite masters athletes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Exercise interventions to improve bone mineral density in athletes participating in low-impact sports: a scoping review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- The association between relative grip strength index and trunk bone mineral density in American adults aged 20-59: A cross-sectional study of the NHANES 2011-2014.Orthopedic reviews · 2025Article
- Risk-stratified lifetime risk and incidence of hip fracture and falls in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population: The China health and retirement longitudinal study.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Article
- Association Between Isokinetic Lower Extremity Muscle Strength and Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Women With and Without Osteoporosis: A Case-Control Study.Journal of chiropractic medicine · 2025Article
- Association of skeletal muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness with bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Physical Performance of Geriatric Women and Its Impact on Fracture Risk and Bone Mineral Density Assessed with Radiofrequency Echographic Multispectrometry (REMS).Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Leptin signalling altered in infantile nephropathic cystinosis-related bone disorder.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIt is known that muscle strength and muscle mass play a crucial role in maintaining bone mineral density (BMD). Despite this, there are uncertainties about how muscle mass, lower extremity muscular strength, and BMD are related. We examined the impact of lower extremity muscle strength and mass on BMD in the general American population using cross-sectional analysis.
methodsIn the study, we extracted 2165 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between muscle strength, muscle mass, and BMD. Fitted smoothing curves and generalized additive models were also performed. To ensure data stability and avoid confounding factors, subgroup analysis was also conducted on gender and race/ethnicity.
resultsAfter full adjustment for potential confounders, significant positive associations were detected between peak force (PF) [0.167 (0.084, 0.249) P < 0.001], appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) [0.029 (0.022, 0.036) P < 0.001], and lumbar spine BMD. A positive correlation was also found between PF, ASMI, and pelvis and total BMD. Following stratification by gender and race/ethnicity, our analyses illustrated a significant correlation between PF and lumbar spine BMD in both men [0.232 (0.130, 0.333) P < 0.001] and women [0.281 (0.142, 0.420) P < 0.001]. This was also seen in non-Hispanic white [0.178 (0.068, 0.288) P = 0.002], but not in non-Hispanic black, Mexican American and other race-ethnicity. Additionally, there was a positive link between ASMI and BMD in both genders in non-Hispanic whites, and non-Hispanic blacks, but not in any other racial group.
conclusionPF and ASMI were positively associated with BMD in American adults. In the future, the findings reported here may have profound implications for public health in terms of osteopenia and osteoporosis prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.