ArticleNature immunology2023
HLA class I signal peptide polymorphism determines the level of CD94/NKG2-HLA-E-mediated regulation of effector cell responses.
Article in Nature immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in natural killer cell immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- Innate immune imprints shape HIV-1 reservoir cell persistence during long-term antiretroviral therapy.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Natural killer cells in ovarian cancer therapy: mechanisms, evasion, and therapeutic innovations.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- HLA-E-Directed Accumulation of KIRInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- HLA-E single-chain trimer shields gene-edited allogeneic CAR T cells from NK cell attack.Blood advances · 2026Article
- A fully human pan VL9 HLA-E TCRm antibody enables functional dissection of HLA-E biology and checkpoint signaling.iScience · 2026Article
- Nonclassical MHC-I Molecules: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Next-Generation Immunotherapy.MedComm · 2026Review
- HLA-E as an Emerging Checkpoint and Biomarker in Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy.Current medical science · 2026Review
- A genetic set-point for natural killer cells.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- HLA class I signal peptide variation predicts strength of NKG2ANature immunology · 2026Article
- Co-editing of NKG2A and FAS increases long-term cytotoxic capacity and persistence of CAR NK cells.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Distinct NK Cell Signatures Define Prognosis in HPV-Positive Versus HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- Immune correlates of HIV-1 rebound during broadly neutralizing antibody treatment in young children.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Comparative two-dimensional NKG2A/CD94 cell membrane chromatography for targeted screening immune checkpoint inhibitors.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Shared HLA-E and Mamu-E Peptide Repertoires With Subtle Peptide Binding Differences Revealed by Combined nDSF- and Fluorescence Polarisation-Based Methods.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Designing universal T cell therapies: strategies to evade natural killer cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting MHC-E as a new strategy for vaccines and immunotherapeutics.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Interaction between HLA-B leader peptide variants and cytomegalovirus serostatus is associated with early T cell-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Expanding Role of HLA-E in Host Defense: A Target for Broadly Applicable Vaccines and Immunotherapies.Cells · 2025Review
- Harnessing innate immunity: natural killer cells and innate immune responses in reservoir clearance.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E binds epitopes derived from HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and HLA-G signal peptides (SPs) and serves as a ligand for CD94/NKG2A and CD94/NKG2C receptors expressed on natural killer and T cell subsets. We show that among 16 common classical HLA class I SP variants, only 6 can be efficiently processed to generate epitopes that enable CD94/NKG2 engagement, which we term 'functional SPs'. The single functional HLA-B SP, known as HLA-B/-21M, induced high HLA-E expression, but conferred the lowest receptor recognition. Consequently, HLA-B/-21M SP competes with other SPs for providing epitope to HLA-E and reduces overall recognition of target cells by CD94/NKG2A, calling for reassessment of previous disease models involving HLA-B/-21M. Genetic population data indicate a positive correlation between frequencies of functional SPs in humans and corresponding cytomegalovirus mimics, suggesting a means for viral escape from host responses. The systematic, quantitative approach described herein will facilitate development of prediction algorithms for accurately measuring the impact of CD94/NKG2-HLA-E interactions in disease resistance/susceptibility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.