Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37261448›Full record

GuidelineAge and ageing2023

Including older people in health and social care research: best practice recommendations based on the INCLUDE framework.

Victoria A Goodwin, Mikaela S A Low, Terence J Quinn, Emma J Cockcroft, Victoria Shepherd, Philip H Evans, Emily J Henderson, Farhat Mahmood, Mary Ni Lochlainn, Catherine Needham and 3 more

Abstract readPractice GuidelineReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Guideline in Age and ageing, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Victoria A GoodwinFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Mikaela S A LowSchool of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Terence J QuinnSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Emma J CockcroftFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Victoria ShepherdCentre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Philip H EvansFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Emily J HendersonAgeing and Movement Disorders Research Group, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Farhat MahmoodAcademic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
Mary Ni LochlainnNational Institute for Health and Care Research, Clinical Research Network, UK.
Catherine NeedhamSchool for Social Policy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Benjamin R UnderwoodDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Amit AroraElderly Care Department, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
Miles D WithamAGE Research Group, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.

Funding

Department of HealthHCRW_ NIHR-FS(A)-2021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOlder people are often explicitly or implicitly excluded from research, in particular clinical trials. This means that study findings may not be applicable to them, or that older people may not be offered treatments due to an absence of evidence.

aimsThe aim of this work was to develop recommendations to guide all research relevant to older people.

methodsA diverse stakeholder group identified barriers and solutions to including older people in research. In parallel, a rapid literature review of published papers was undertaken to identify existing papers on the inclusion of older people in research. The findings were synthesised and mapped onto a socio-ecological model. From the synthesis we identified themes that were developed into initial recommendations that were iteratively refined with the stakeholder group.

resultsA range of individual, interpersonal, organisational, community and policy factors impact on the inclusion of older people in research. A total of 14 recommendations were developed such as removing upper age limits and comorbidity exclusions, involving older people, advocates and health and social care professionals with expertise in ageing in designing the research, and considering flexible or alternative approaches to data collection to maximise opportunities for participation. We also developed four questions that may guide those developing, reviewing and funding research that is inclusive of older people.

conclusionOur recommendations provide up to date, practical advice on ways to improve the inclusion of older people in health and care research.

Indexed as

AgingSocial SupportAgedHumansinclusionolder peoplerecommendationssocio-ecological model

Identifiers

PMID37261448
PMCPMC10234283

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.