ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2023
Differences in incidence, nature of symptoms, and duration of long COVID among hospitalised migrant and non-migrant patients in the Netherlands: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding how social determinants of health shape Long COVID outcomes: a rapid review of evidence.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Pooled it
- Factors affecting the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on post COVID-19 conditions among adults: A systematic literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Exercise rehabilitation in post COVID-19 patients: a randomized controlled trial of different training modalities.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2025Trial
- Identifying Long Covid phenotypes and their association with personal characteristics, healthcare use, and daily life burden: population-based study in Belgium.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Beyond broad categories: understanding ethnic differences in long COVID.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Ethnic differences in Long COVID diagnosed in primary care in England (2020-2022): an observational cohort study using OpenSAFELY.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Considerations of race and ethnicity within rehabilitation studies for post COVID-19 condition: A scoping review.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Person-centred, community-oriented, and diversity sensitive primary care for migrants; a EFPC position paper.Primary health care research & development · 2026Review
- Estimating the risk of post-COVID condition in deprived communities, migrants and ethnic minorities in England: findings from Virus Watch-a prospective community cohort study.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Article
- COVID-19-associated neurological and psychological manifestations.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations for Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Intersectionality and Long Covid: Understanding the Lived Experiences of Ethnic Minority Groups in the United Kingdom.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: A Unifying Mechanism in Long COVID and Spike Protein-Associated Injury: A Narrative Review.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Long COVID in healthcare workers: longitudinal mixed-methods study.Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for COVID-19 Among Individuals at High Risk: A Modeling Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Novel biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in Long COVID patients.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Association between Mexican vaccination schemes and the duration of long COVID syndrome symptoms.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Cerebromicrovascular mechanisms contributing to long COVID: implications for neurocognitive health.GeroScience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Comprehensive data on long COVID across ethnic and migrant groups are lacking. We investigated incidence, nature of symptoms, clinical predictors, and duration of long COVID among COVID-19 hospitalised patients in the Netherlands by migration background (Dutch, Turkish, Moroccan, and Surinamese origin, Others). Methods: We used COVID-19 admissions and follow up data (January 2021-July 2022) from Amsterdam University Medical Centers. We calculated long COVID incidence proportions per NICE guidelines by migration background and assessed for clinical predictors via robust Poisson regressions. We then examined associations between migration background and long COVID using robust Poisson regressions and adjusted for derived clinical predictors, and other biologically relevant factors. We also assessed long COVID symptom persistence at one-year post-discharge. Findings: 1886 patients were included. 483 patients had long COVID (26%, 95% CI 24-28%) at 12 weeks post-discharge. Symptoms like dizziness, joint pain, insomnia, and headache varied by migration background. Clinical predictors of long COVID were female sex, hospital admission duration, intensive care unit admission, and receiving oxygen, or corticosteroid therapy. Long COVID risk was higher among patients with migration background than Dutch origin patients after adjustments for derived clinical predictors, age, smoking, vaccination status, comorbidities and remdesivir treatment. Only 14% of long COVID symptoms persisted at one-year post-discharge. Interpretation: There are significant differences in occurrence, nature of symptoms, and duration of long COVID by migration background. Studies assessing the spectrum of functional limitation and access to post-COVID healthcare are needed to help plan for appropriate and accessible healthcare interventions. Funding: The Amsterdam UMC COVID-19 biobank is supported by the Amsterdam UMC Corona Research Fund and the Talud Foundation (Stichting Talud). The current analyses were supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation [NNF21OC0067528].
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