ArticleThe European journal of general practice2023
Fear of COVID-19 among patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cross-sectional study in Estonian family practices.
Article in The European journal of general practice, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nonlinear relationships between fatigue, fear of COVID-19, and PTSD among mental health professionals: the findings of a multi-site survey in China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Anxiety, depression, and fear after coronavirus disease 2019 infection and their association with long coronavirus disease symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Fear and Impact of COVID-19 Among Post-Infected Adults: Types and Associations with Quality of Life and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- A 'special issue on COVID-19'. Fourteen primary care publications with implications for practice, teaching, and research.The European journal of general practice · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFear of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been associated with significant health effects.
objectivesTo assess COVID-19 fear and investigate factors associated with higher fear among COVID-19 survivors over 6 months after infection.
methodsCross-sectional study using multistage sampling (family practices within the highest 5th percentile of numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and random sample of patients within these practices) performed from March 15 to 17 July 2021. Adult patients with a laboratory-confirmed history of COVID-19 were recruited for a self-administered 79-item questionnaire including demographics, self-rated health, physical activity, COVID-19 characteristics, severity and the fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Comorbidity data were extracted from Estonian Health Insurance Fund. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with COVID-19 fear.
resultsOf 341 participants included, 60% were women, 24.2% were hospitalised due to COVID-19 and 22.2% had long COVID, 143 (42%) participants reported high levels of fear (cut-off FCV-19S >17.8). Higher fear was associated with being female (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.14-3.95), age ≥61 years (aOR 3.23, 95% CI 1.28-8.16), two-member-households (aOR 3.70, 95% CI 1.40-9.77) physical inactivity 6 months prior to COVID-19 (aOR 3.53, 95% CI 1.26-9.95), and symptom severity during acute COVID-19. Long COVID was not associated with higher COVID-19 fear (aOR 1.82 95% CI 0.91-3.63).
conclusionAlmost half of participants reported COVID-19 fear more than 6 months after infection. Greater fear was associated with sociodemographic factors, physical activity prior to COVID-19 and COVID-19 symptom severity. There is a need to target this population to develop appropriate interventions.
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