Observational studyRespiratory research2023
Ventilator-associated pneumonia in neurocritically ill patients: insights from the ENIO international prospective observational study.
Observational study in Respiratory research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Healthcare-Associated Infections After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Mortality and Predictors of In-Hospital Death Among Mechanically Ventilated Adults With Gram-Negative Pneumonia.Cureus · 2026Article
- Risk factors, predictive biomarkers, and microbial profile of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort Study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Factors associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia and outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage: a real-world data analysis.Critical care science · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and SCFA signatures in predicting postoperative infection sites in neurocritical care patients.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in Neurocritical Patients: The Hidden Dialog of Brain and Infection.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Longitudinal analysis of lung microbiome, immune response, and metabolism in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a cohort study.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Predicting infections with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in neurocritical care patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP): development of a novel multivariate prediction model.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Incidence, Risk Factors, Microbiology and Outcomes of VAP at an NCU in India: A Prospective Observational Study.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2025Article
- Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: A Persistent Menace in the ICU.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2025Article
- Incidence and risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Failure of target attainment for beta-lactam antibiotics and ciprofloxacin in acute brain-injured intensive care patients.Intensive care medicine · 2024Article
- Selective decontamination of the digestive tract: it's all in your mind!Intensive care medicine · 2024Article
- An interpretable machine learning model for predicting sepsis risk in ICU patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: development and validation using the MIMIC-IV database.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAcute brain injured (ABI) patients are at high risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). However, incidence, risk factors and effects on outcome of VAP are not completely elucidated in this population. The primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence of VAP in a cohort of ABI patients. The secondary objectives included the identification of risk factors for development of VAP, and the impact of VAP on clinical outcomes. Clinical outcomes were defined as intensive care unit length of stay (ICU-LOS), duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and ICU mortality.
methodsPre-planned sub-analysis of the Extubation strategies in Neuro-Intensive care unit (ICU) patients and associations with Outcomes (ENIO) international multi-center prospective observational study. Patients with available data on VAP, who received at least 48 h of IMV and ICU-LOS ≥ 72 h were included.
resultsOut of 1512 patients included in the ENIO study, 1285 were eligible for this analysis. The prevalence of VAP was 39.5% (33.7 cases /1000 ventilator-days), with a high heterogeneity across countries and according to the type of brain injury. VAP was significantly more frequent in male patients, in those with smoke habits and when intraparenchymal probe (IP), external ventricular drain (EVD) or hypothermia (p < 0.001) were used. Independent risk factors for VAP occurrence were male gender, the use of IP, hypothermia, and the occurrence of tracheobronchitis during ICU stay. VAP was not an independent risk factor for ICU mortality (Hazard Ratio, HR = 0.71 95%CI 0.43-1.16, p = 0.168), but was independently associated with longer ICU stay (OR = 2.55 95%CI 2.01-3.23, p < 0.001).
conclusionsVAP is common in ABI patients. Male gender, IP and EVD insertion, tracheobronchitis, and the use of therapeutic hypothermia were significantly associated with VAP occurrence. VAP did not affect mortality but increased ICU-LOS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.