ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2024
Kindergarten conduct problems are associated with monetized outcomes in adolescence and adulthood.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence Base Update on the Assessment of Irritability, Anger, and Aggression in Youth.Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53Pooled it
- Fast Track Intervention Effects and Mechanisms of Action Through Established Adulthood.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Trial
- Depression as a Longitudinal Modulator of Physical-Verbal Aggression in Early Adolescence: Trajectories and Sex Comparisons.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Neuroanatomical Subtypes of Callous-Unemotional Traits in a Community Sample of Youth.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Using machine learning to identify parenting features prospectively related to callous-unemotional traits from infancy to early adolescence.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Incorporating Evidence-Based Parenting Practices into Home-Based Behavioral Health: A PCIT-Informed Approach for Training Paraprofessionals.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Brain Age in Conduct Disorder:: A Mega-Analysis of the ENIGMA Antisocial Behavior Working Group.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Applying a Network Approach To Characterize Gender Differences in Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits among Children from Two Countries.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- A Multi-Dimensional, Multi-Informant Examination of Adolescent Psychopathy and its Links to Parental Monitoring: The Moderating Role of Resting Arousal.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity of early-onset conduct problems: assessing different profiles, predictors and outcomes across childhood.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- Impaired sleep quality mediates the relationship between internet gaming disorder and conduct problems among adolescents: a three-wave longitudinal study.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- Callous-unemotional traits, cognitive functioning, and externalizing problems in a propensity-matched sample from the ABCD study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Leveraging Random Forests explainability for predictive modeling of children's conduct problems: insights from individual and family factors.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Objective Linguistic Markers Associated with Callous-Unemotional Traits in Early Childhood.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Article
- Integrating Parent Management Training and Emotion Coaching for Young Children with Callous-Unemotional Traits.Journal of applied developmental psychologyArticle
- How can (or could) biology inform more effective parenting interventions for childhood aggression?Aggression and violent behaviorArticle
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAcross several sites in the United States, we examined whether kindergarten conduct problems among mostly population-representative samples of children were associated with increased criminal and related (criminal + lost offender productivity + victim; described as criminal + victim hereafter) costs across adolescence and adulthood, as well as government and medical services costs in adulthood.
methodsParticipants (N = 1,339) were from two multisite longitudinal studies: Fast Track (n = 754) and the Child Development Project (n = 585). Parents and teachers reported on kindergarten conduct problems, administrative and national database records yielded indexes of criminal offending, and participants self-reported their government and medical service use. Outcomes were assigned costs, and significant associations were adjusted for inflation to determine USD 2020 costs.
resultsA 1SD increase in kindergarten conduct problems was associated with a $21,934 increase in adolescent criminal + victim costs, a $63,998 increase in adult criminal + victim costs, a $12,753 increase in medical services costs, and a $146,279 increase in total costs. In the male sample, a 1SD increase in kindergarten conduct problems was associated with a $28,530 increase in adolescent criminal + victim costs, a $58,872 increase in adult criminal + victim costs, and a $144,140 increase in total costs. In the female sample, a 1SD increase in kindergarten conduct problems was associated with a $15,481 increase in adolescent criminal + victim costs, a $62,916 increase in adult criminal + victim costs, a $24,105 increase in medical services costs, and a $144,823 increase in total costs.
conclusionsThis investigation provides evidence of the long-term costs associated with early-starting conduct problems, which is important information that can be used by policymakers to support research and programs investing in a strong start for children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.