ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023
Understanding the Decline of Incident, Active Tuberculosis in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Switzerland.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Towards tuberculosis elimination in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: evidence from a two-decade nationwide cohort in Spain.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Article
- Machine Learning-based Prediction of Active Tuberculosis in People With HIV Using Clinical Data.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Safety of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination and Impact on HIV-1 Latent Reservoir Size in People With Treated HIV-1 Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis alters the antibody response to HIV-1.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Eradicating latent tuberculosis: use of interferon gamma release assay and isoniazid/rifapentine in people living with HIV/AIDS.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Article
- Transcriptional profile ofiScience · 2024Article
- All-cause and AIDS-related mortality among people with HIV across Europe from 2001 to 2020: impact of antiretroviral therapy, tuberculosis and regional differences in a multicentre cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- Clinical Characteristics of Tuberculosis Among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Multicenter Study.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2024Article
- Advances in Antiretroviral Therapy for Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Tuberculosis.Viruses · 2024Review
- HIV replication and tuberculosis risk among people living with HIV in Europe: A multicohort analysis, 1983-2015.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPeople with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (PWH) are frequently coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and at risk for progressing from asymptomatic latent TB infection (LTBI) to active tuberculosis (TB). LTBI testing and preventive treatment (TB specific prevention) are recommended, but its efficacy in low transmission settings is unclear.
methodsWe included PWH enrolled from 1988 to 2022 in the Swiss HIV Cohort study (SHCS). The outcome, incident TB, was defined as TB ≥6 months after SHCS inclusion. We assessed its risk factors using a time-updated hazard regression, modeled the potential impact of modifiable factors on TB incidence, performed mediation analysis to assess underlying causes of time trends, and evaluated preventive measures.
resultsIn 21 528 PWH, LTBI prevalence declined from 15.1% in 2001% to 4.6% in 2021. Incident TB declined from 90.8 cases/1000 person-years in 1989 to 0.1 in 2021. A positive LTBI test showed a higher risk for incident TB (hazard ratio [HR] 9.8, 5.8-16.5) but only 10.5% of PWH with incident TB were tested positive. Preventive treatment reduced the risk in LTBI test positive PWH for active TB (relative risk reduction, 28.1%, absolute risk reduction 0.9%). On population level, the increase of CD4 T-cells and reduction of HIV viral load were the main driver of TB decrease.
conclusionsTB specific prevention is effective in selected patient groups. On a population level, control of HIV-1 remains the most important factor for incident TB reduction. Accurate identification of PWH at highest risk for TB is an unmet clinical need.
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