SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2023
Indeterminate results of interferon gamma release assays in the screening of latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic accuracy ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Repeat testing or additional tuberculin skin tests for management of indeterminate results of interferon-gamma release assays: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Interferon-Gamma Release Assay Testing for Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2024Pooled it
- What is new in tuberculosis?Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Consensus-based evaluation of RIDASCREENEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Biologic readiness: Improving tuberculosis screening in an adult allergy and immunology clinic.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Peptide-Reactive T-cell Response as a Novel Biomarker in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Treated with Anti-PD-1 Antibody.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Diagnostic performance of stimulated plasma interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10) for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis infection tests for contact screening in Brazil: a cost-effectiveness analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Indeterminant Interferon-γ Release Assays in Refugee Children with Splenomegaly, Uganda, 2020-2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Advancements in laboratory diagnostics for HIV/MTB coinfection: Integrating conventional methods with emerging technologies.Practical laboratory medicine · 2025Review
- Characteristics of indeterminate QuantiFERON-TB Gold PLUS results in pediatric lupus nephritis at Beijing Children's Hospital, 2023-2024.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Article
- Diagnostic accuracy study of STANDARD TB-Feron FIA and STANDARD TB-Feron ELISA tests for tuberculosis infection diagnosis in Eastern European setting.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2025Article
- Standard E TB-Feron ELISA and Standard F TB-Feron FIA positivity rates and agreement with QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus among TB high-risk population in Bandung, Indonesia.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Preliminary evaluation of a new prototype interferon-gamma release assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T-cell responses in patients with tuberculosis.Folia microbiologica · 2025Article
- Low concordance between QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB, a novel interferon-gamma release assay, and QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus, in a population-based survey in Blantyre, Malawi.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of tuberculosis screening in diabetic patients in China: a decision-analytic Markov model.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Eradicating latent tuberculosis: use of interferon gamma release assay and isoniazid/rifapentine in people living with HIV/AIDS.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the indeterminate rate of interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) in the detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Methods: On 15 November 2022, we searched the PubMed® (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA), Embase® (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and Cochrane Library databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two investigators independently extracted the study data and assessed their quality using a modified quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (i.e., QUADAS-2) tool. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled results. Results: We included 403 studies involving 486,886 individuals and found that the pooled indeterminate rate was 3.9% (95% CI 3.5%-4.2%). The pooled indeterminate rate for QuantiFERON®-TB (QFT) was similar to that for T-SPOT®.TB (T-SPOT) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.88, 95% CI 0.59-1.32]; however, the indeterminate rate for a new generation of QFT (QFT-plus) was lower than that of T-SPOT (OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.16-0.35). The indeterminate rate in the immunocompromised population was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (OR = 3.51, 95% CI 2.11-5.82), and it increased with the reduction of CD4+ cell count in HIV-positive patients. Children's pooled indeterminate rates (OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.79-3.57) were significantly higher than those of adults, and the rates increased as the children's age decreased. Conclusion: On average, 1 in 26 tests yields indeterminate IGRA results in LTBI screening. The use of advanced versions of the QuantiFERON-TB assay (QFT-plus), may potentially reduce the occurrence of an indeterminate result. Our study emphasizes the high risk of immunosuppression and young age in relation to indeterminate IGRA, which should receive more attention in the management of LTBI. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020211363, CRD42020211363.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.