ArticlePeerJ2023
Salinity and pH effects on survival, growth, and reproduction of quagga mussels.
Article in PeerJ, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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0 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: In recent decades, invasive quagga mussels have expanded to the Western United States from the Great Lakes region of North America. Most studies that evaluate the invasion potential of quagga mussels in western water bodies have utilized physiological and life history information from zebra mussels, a related taxon. Few studies have assessed the potential for invasion using specific information from quagga mussel life history or experiments that test for their survival in the fresh and saline waters of the western United States. Methods: We investigated quagga mussel survival, growth, and reproduction using semi-natural experiments under temperature and light controlled conditions across a gradient of water salinity (fresh to brackish) and pH (8.4-11). Water from Lake Mead was used as a positive control in our experiment, and water from Pyramid Lake and the Truckee River was used as brackish and freshwater treatments, respectively. The mussels used in the experiments were collected from Lake Mead. Results: After 12 h in brackish water (4 ppt, pH 9.3), we observed 100% mortality of adult mussels. The swelling and disintegration of body tissues and high mortality rates indicated that high potassium, sodium, and chloride concentrations were the likely causes of death in brackish water treatments. In contrast, mussels were able to survive, grow, and reach sexual maturity in freshwater (0.1 ppt) with a low calcium concentration (17 mg L
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