ArticleBMC infectious diseases2023
Burden of HIV and treatment outcomes among TB patients in rural Kenya: a 9-year longitudinal study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of Treatment Outcomes Among HIV-Positive Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Barriers to treatment completion among drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients: evidence from Indonesia's tuberculosis surveillance system.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2026Article
- Tertiary-care management of TB/HIV co-infection in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A retrospective cohort analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF and acid-fast bacilli smear microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis using bronchoalveolar lavage samples in negative or sputum-scarce adults in Colombia: a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Illness perception, psychological distress, and quality of life in patients with alopecia: a cross-sectional study from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- Mortality and loss to follow-up among Tuberculosis patients on treatment in Meru County, Kenya: a retrospective cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Antiretroviral treatment outcomes and survival pattern of people living with HIV in Bauchi State, Nigeria.PloS one · 2025Article
- Mortality disparities among children and adolescents with tuberculosis in Tanzania Mainland from January 2023 to December 2023: A retrospective cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and their determinants among patients attending Hargeisa TB Hospital: a five-year retrospective study.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis treatment outcome of TB/HIV co-infected patients at Adare Hospital, Hawassa City Administration, Sidama Region.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection, Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Leveraging AI and Machine Learning to Develop and Evaluate a Contextualized User-Friendly Cough Audio Classifier for Detecting Respiratory Diseases: Protocol for a Diagnostic Study in Rural Tanzania.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- A retrospective study of tuberculosis prevalence and associated factors among HIV-positive key populations in Nigeria.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Tuberculosis-related deaths at a tertiary hospital in Zambia: Insights into the prevalence and associated factors.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough tuberculosis (TB) patients coinfected with HIV are at risk of poor treatment outcomes, there is paucity of data on changing trends of TB/HIV co-infection and their treatment outcomes. This study aims to estimate the burden of TB/HIV co-infection over time, describe the treatment available to TB/HIV patients and estimate the effect of TB/HIV co-infection on TB treatment outcomes.
methodsThis was a retrospective data analyses from TB surveillance in two counties in Kenya (Nyeri and Kilifi): 2012‒2020. All TB patients aged ≥ 18 years were included. The main exposure was HIV status categorised as infected, negative or unknown status. World Health Organization TB treatment outcomes were explored; cured, treatment complete, failed treatment, defaulted/lost-to-follow-up, died and transferred out. Time at risk was from date of starting TB treatment to six months later/date of the event and Cox proportion with shared frailties models were used to estimate effects of TB/HIV co-infection on TB treatment outcomes.
resultsThe study includes 27,285 patients, median (IQR) 37 (29‒49) years old and 64% male. 23,986 (88%) were new TB cases and 91% were started on 2RHZE/4RH anti-TB regimen. Overall, 7879 (29%, 95% 28‒30%) were HIV infected. The proportion of HIV infected patient was 32% in 2012 and declined to 24% in 2020 (trend P-value = 0.01). Uptake of ARTs (95%) and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (99%) was high. Overall, 84% patients completed six months TB treatment, 2084 (7.6%) died, 4.3% LTFU, 0.9% treatment failure and 2.8% transferred out. HIV status was associated with lower odds of completing TB treatment: infected Vs negative (aOR 0.56 (95%CI 0.52‒0.61) and unknown vs negative (aOR 0.57 (95%CI 0.44‒0.73). Both HIV infected and unknown status were associated with higher hazard of death: (aHR 2.40 (95%CI 2.18‒2.63) and 1.93 (95%CI 1.44‒2.56)) respectively and defaulting treatment/LTFU: aHR 1.16 (95%CI 1.01‒1.32) and 1.55 (95%CI 1.02‒2.35)) respectively. HIV status had no effect on hazard of transferring out and treatment failure.
conclusionThe overall burden of TB/HIV coinfection was within previous pooled estimate. Our findings support the need for systematic HIV testing as those with unknown status had similar TB treatment outcomes as the HIV infected.
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