Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37253999›Full record

SynthesisEuropean journal of epidemiology2023

The influence of growth and sex hormones on risk of alzheimer's disease: a mendelian randomization study.

Chris Ho Ching Yeung, Shiu Lun Au Yeung, Man Ki Kwok, Jie V Zhao, C Mary Schooling

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European journal of epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
14.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Article
  7. Androgens are a Key Factor Affecting Immune Related Diseases.The world journal of men's health · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Association between gut microbiota and male infertility: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Testosterone and Alzheimer's disease: a risk assessment.European journal of epidemiology · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Role of the Insulin-like Growth Factor System in Neurodegenerative Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Chris Ho Ching YeungSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. ho.ching.yeung@uth.tmc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2753-1728
Shiu Lun Au YeungSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Man Ki KwokSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Jie V ZhaoSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
C Mary SchoolingSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
University of Hong Kong · HKCity University of New York · USHKU-Pasteur Research Pole · HK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is more prevalent in women, possibly due to sex or growth hormones but existing evidence is inconclusive. We investigated whether genetically predicted sex and growth hormones are associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease. Genetic variants strongly and independently predicting insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were obtained from large, published genome wide associations studies (GWAS) and applied to GWAS of Alzheimer's disease based on clinical diagnosis (cases = 21,982, control = 41,944) from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project and the UK Biobank parental (maternal cases = 27,696; paternal cases = 14,338) and siblings' diagnosis (cases = 2,171) as proxy cases. Published GWAS summary statistics were used in our analyses. Estimates were obtained from inverse variance weighting with sensitivity analysis (i.e., MR-Egger, weighted median and MR-PRESSO). Multivariable analyses adjusted for pleiotropic effects and possible sources of selection bias were also performed. Genetically predicted higher total testosterone may reduce the risk of paternal Alzheimer's disease (odds ratio (OR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76 to 0.97, per SD increase in testosterone) and in meta-analysis for women (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87, 0.98) with directionally similar results from other analyses. SHBG were not associated with Alzheimer's disease. IGF-1 in women was inversely associated with risk of clinical Alzheimer's disease in sensitivity analysis but not in the main analysis. These results suggest genetically predicted higher total testosterone may lower risk of Alzheimer's disease. The role of testosterone and the immune system in Alzheimer's disease could be further investigated.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseFemaleGenome-Wide Association StudyGonadal Steroid HormonesHumansInsulin-Like Growth Factor IMendelian Randomization AnalysisPolymorphism, Single NucleotideTestosteroneGonadal Steroid HormonesInsulin-Like Growth Factor ITestosteroneAlzheimer’s diseaseIGF-1Mendelian randomizationSHBGTestosterone

Identifiers

PMID37253999
OpenAlexW4378782758

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.