Trial reportEuropean journal of orthodontics2023
Three-dimensional comparison of tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne RME appliances: a randomized controlled trial with 5-year follow-up.
Trial report in European journal of orthodontics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Long-Term Effects of Three Different Appliances for Rapid Maxillary Expansion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International dental journal · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative Three Dimensional Evaluation of Skeletal and Dento-Alveolar Effects Between Tooth-Borne and Bone-Anchored Maxillary Expansion for Growing Patients-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2025Pooled it
- Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Components of Maxillary Expansion: A Systematic Review of Post-Treatment Stability.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Skeletal and Dental-Alveolar Changes With Invisalign First Expansion System in the Mixed Dentition: A Retrospective Study.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2026Article
- Nasal Fracture During Maxillary Expansion-A Rare Complication?Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Early skeletal, nasal, and soft tissue changes after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: a retrospective cephalometric study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Review
- Maxillary Expansion in the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Comprehensive Review.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
- The impact of different activation protocols of rapid maxillary expansion on external root resorption: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of translational research · 2024Review
- Evolution, current status, and future trends of maxillary skeletal expansion: a bibliometric analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo compare the long-term skeletal effects of tooth-borne (TB) and tooth-bone-borne (TBB) rapid maxillary expansion in growing children, using 3D imaging. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn total, 52 consecutive patients who met the eligibility criteria were recruited and allocated to either the TB group, mean age 9.3 years (SD 1.3), or the TBB group, mean age 9.5 years (SD 1.2). Cone-beam computed tomography records and plaster models were taken before (T0), directly after (T1), 1 year after (T2), and 5 years after expansion (T3). RANDOMIZATION: Participants were randomly allocated in blocks of different sizes, using the concealed allocation principle in a 1:1 ratio. The randomization list was also stratified by sex to ensure homogeneity between groups. BLINDING: Due to clinical limitations, only the outcome assessors were blinded to the groups to which the patients were allocated.
resultsAt T1, the midpalatal suture at its anterior part showed a statistically significant difference between the groups with a mean of 0.6 mm (CI 0.2-1.1) more expansion in the TBB group (P < 0.01). This difference was also more evident in boys at T1 with a mean of 0.8 mm (CI 0.2-1.4) (P < 0.01). These differences, however, blotted out at T2 and T3. The nasal width also showed similar differences between the groups, with a significantly larger expansion in the TBB group by a mean of 0.7 mm (CI 0.1-1.4) (P = 0.03). This group difference in favour of the TBB group was maintained at T2 (1.6 mm) and T3 (2.1 mm) (P < 0.01 T2 and T3, respectively).
conclusionsSkeletal expansion in the midpalatal suture was significantly higher in the TBB group; however, the magnitude of this expansion was around 0.6 mm more and may not be clinically significant. Skeletal expansion at the level of the nasal cavity was significantly higher in the TBB group. There were no differences between boys and girls with regard to skeletal expansion.
trial registrationThis trial was not registered on any external sites.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.