ArticlePloS one2023
Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among construction workers in Nepal.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mental Health in Construction Industry: A Global Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Level of occupational stress and quality of life among construction workers in Malaysia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Psychological symptoms and associated psychosocial factors among fathers attending a tertiary children's hospital in Nepal.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- A Review on the Prevalence of Poor Mental Health in the Construction Industry.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A Study of Brain Function Characteristics of Service Members at High Risk for Accidents in the Military.Brain sciences · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe construction industry in Nepal, which employs a significant proportion of the population, ranks as one of the largest industries in the country. Construction work is physically demanding and can be risky due to the use of heavy machinery and the presence of intense physical labor. However, the physical and mental health of construction workers in Nepal is often neglected. This study aimed to assess psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms) and its association with socio-demographic, lifestyle, and occupational factors among construction workers in Kavre district, Nepal.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study from 1st October 2019 to 15th January 2020 among 402 construction workers in Banepa, and Panauti municipalities of Kavre district, Nepal. We collected data with face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire consisting of a) socio-demographic characteristics; b) lifestyle and occupational characteristics; and c) depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. We collected data using electronic forms in KoboToolbox and imported them into R version 3.6.2 for statistical analysis. We present parametric numerical variables as mean and standard deviation, and categorical variables as percentage and frequency. The confidence interval around proportion was estimated with the Clopper-Pearson method. We applied univariate and multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with depression symptoms, anxiety, and stress. The result of logistic regression was presented as crude odds ratio, adjusted odds ratio (AOR), and their 95% confidence interval (CI).
resultsThe prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were 17.1% (95%CI: 13.6-21.2), 19.2% (95%CI: 15.5-23.4) and 16.4% (95%CI: 12.9-20.4), respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, depression symptom was positively associated with poor sleep quality (AOR = 3.51; 95%CI: 1.5-8.19; p-value: 0.004); stress symptom was positively associated with Brahmin ethnicity (AOR = 3.76; 95%CI:1.34-10.58; p-value: 0.012) and current smoking (AOR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.11-3.82 p-value: 0.022). But anxiety symptoms were not associated with any of the variables.
conclusionsThe prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were high among construction workers. Developing evidence-based and appropriate community-based mental health prevention programs among laborers and construction workers is recommended.
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