ArticleEClinicalMedicine2023
Effects over time of parenting interventions to reduce physical and emotional violence against children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Have parenting programs for disruptive child behavior become less effective?Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Pooled it
- Online Parenting Programs for Children's Behavioral and Emotional Problems: a Network Meta-Analysis.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Pooled it
- Infant mental health services for birth and foster families of maltreated pre-school children in foster care (BeSTNature medicine · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness Evaluation of a Violence Prevention Parenting Program Implemented at Large Scale: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Psychosocial intervention · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of a blended in-person and online parenting programme in reducing violence against children in rural Thailand: a cluster randomised controlled trial.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Building Impact Through Government Partnerships: the Naungan Kasih Positive Parenting Program in Malaysia.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- Establishing an observational framework for the objective evaluation of parent training effectiveness.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- A family-systemic intervention for mental health with refugees in Jordan: Protocol of a randomised controlled trial of StrongerTogether.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- A Community Intervention to Increase Positive Parenting: A Three-Year Cohort Study in South Africa.Psychosocial intervention · 2026Article
- SERES: La Paz Empieza en Casa-Evaluation of an Intervention Program to Reduce Corporal Punishment and Parenting Stress, and to Enhance Positive Parenting Among Colombian Parents.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Lability in parent-child warmth and hostility and adolescent externalizing behaviors.Developmental psychology · 2025Article
- The role of video game consumption habits in the relationship between gender and attitudes towards violence among adolescents.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of a universal film intervention in reducing violence against children and increasing positive parenting among migrant and displaced caregivers from Myanmar: a community-based cluster randomised trial.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Scaling up of parenting support to prevent violence against children in Tanzania: insights from policymakers and service providers.Implementation science communications · 2025Article
- Supporting parents in the Global South: implementation of a faith-based parent program in 12 countries.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- The role of positive spirituality in preventing child maltreatment and promoting resilience: a perspective on policy and practice.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Web-Based Parent Training With Telephone Coaching Aimed at Treating Child Disruptive Behaviors in a Clinical Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Group Study With 2-Year Follow-Up.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2024Article
- Parenting Interventions to Prevent and Reduce Physical Punishment: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- A follow-up study of the "Lighthouse" mentalization-based parenting program: Mentalization as a mediator of change.Clinical child psychology and psychiatry · 2024Article
- Child Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care (PriCARE) theory of change: A promising intervention to reduce child maltreatment.Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Violence against children affects over one billion children globally. International organisations promote parenting interventions as a main strategy to reduce violence against children. Parenting interventions have therefore been implemented rapidly across the globe. Yet, evidence for their longer-term effects remains unclear. We integrated global evidence to estimate effects over time of parenting interventions to reduce physical and emotional violence against children. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched 26 databases and trial registries (14 non-English: Spanish, Chinese, Farsi, Russian, Thai) and conducted an extensive grey literature search up to August 01, 2022. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of parenting interventions based on social learning theory for parents of children aged 2-10 years, without time or context restrictions. We critically appraised studies using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool. Data were synthesised using robust variance estimation meta-analyses. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42019141844. Findings: We screened 44,411 records and included 346 RCTs. Sixty RCTs reported outcomes on physical or emotional violence. Trials were distributed across 22 countries (22% LMICs). Risk of bias was high for various domains. Outcome data ranged from 0 weeks to 2 years after the intervention, and was largely based on parent self-report. Parenting interventions reduced physical and emotional violent parenting behaviours immediately after the intervention (n = 42, k = 59; Interpretation: Our findings suggest that parenting interventions can reduce physical and emotional violence against children. Effects are maintained up to 24 months follow-up, but with diminished effect sizes. With global policy interest and imminent importance, research beyond 2 years and how effects can be better sustained over time is urgently needed. Funding: Student scholarship from the Economic Social Research Council, Clarendon, and Wolfson Isaiah Berlin Fund.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.