ArticleInternational journal of MS care
Longitudinal Olfactory Patterns in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review and Implication for Use in Management of Disease.
Article in International journal of MS care. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early olfactory dysfunction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reflects transient brain barrier breach and initiation of neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Impaired olfactory performance and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of multiple sclerosis are associated with enhanced adenosine signaling in the olfactory bulb via AFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundAlthough studies regarding multiple sclerosis (MS) and olfactory dysfunction (OD) have been previously described and summarized, there is not a sole review of longitudinal studies regarding the matter. This review examines the existing literature investigating MS and its effect on olfaction. In addition, the role of OD in the diagnosis and prognosis of MS is explored.
methodsA scoping review of the literature was performed covering longitudinal studies investigating MS and OD. Systematic searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, AgeLine, and MEDLINE were performed using terms that encompassed MS and olfaction. The aim of this review was to build on the existing literature by summarizing only findings that were demonstrated longitudinally.
resultsOf 6938 articles identified from the search, 9 met the inclusion criteria: longitudinal observation of relapsing-remitting or progressive MS. Olfaction was measured and scored using various testing arrays, and these scores were then correlated with a multitude of clinical markers. Across all studies, patients with MS demonstrated increased OD. Longitudinally, 2 contrasting patterns were identified: (1) clinical markers of acute inflammation correlated with an increased odor threshold and (2) clinical markers of neurodegeneration, or progression of disease, correlated with a decreased ability to discriminate and identify odors.
conclusionsThese studies suggest that olfaction is a dynamic, dependent variable of neurodegeneration, correlating with inflammation and clinical markers. This opens the door for future exploration of olfaction's relationship with MS diagnosis, characterization, and therapeutic response.
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