ArticleIrish journal of medical science2024
Intensive training programme improves handwriting in a community cohort of people with Parkinson's disease.
Article in Irish journal of medical science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural and motor mechanisms of handwriting: from healthy aging to neurodegenerative disorders.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Construct validity, intrarater and interrater reliability of the Italian version of the systematic screening of handwriting difficulties (SOS) test in people with Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Automated detection of Parkinson's disease using improved linknet-ghostnet model based on handwriting images.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Parkinson's disease functional movement battery a comprehensive test set to evaluate of motor abilities in persons with Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPeople with Parkinson's disease (PwP) often report problems with their handwriting before they receive a formal diagnosis. Many PwP suffer from deteriorating handwriting throughout their illness, which has detrimental effects on many aspects of their quality of life.
aimsTo assess a 6-week online training programme aimed at improving handwriting of PwP.
methodsHandwriting samples from a community-based cohort of PwP (n = 48) were analysed using systematic detection of writing problems (SOS-PD) by two independent raters, before and after a 6-week remotely monitored physiotherapy-led training programme. Inter-rater variability on multiple measures of handwriting quality was analysed. The handwriting data was analysed using pre-/post-design in the same individuals. Multiple aspects of the handwriting samples were assessed, including writing fluency, transitions between letters, regularity in letter size, word spacing, and straightness of lines.
resultsAnalysis of inter-rater reliability showed high agreement for total handwriting scores and letter size, as well as speed and legibility scores, whereas there were mixed levels of inter-rater reliability for other handwriting measures. Overall handwriting quality (p = 0.001) and legibility (p = 0.009) significantly improved, while letter size (p = 0.012), fluency (p = 0.001), regularity of letter size (p = 0.009), and straightness of lines (p = 0.036) were also enhanced.
conclusionsThe results of this study show that this 6-week intensive remotely-monitored physiotherapy-led handwriting programme improved handwriting in PwP. This is the first study of its kind to use this tool remotely, and it demonstrated that the SOS-PD is reliable for measuring handwriting in PwP.
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