ArticleNature communications2023
Rapid evolution of A(H5N1) influenza viruses after intercontinental spread to North America.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 164 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
164 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 229 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Emerging Viral Zoonotic Diseases, 2016-2026.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Pooled it
- An intranasal adjuvanted, recombinant influenza A/H5 vaccine primes against diverse H5N1 clades: a phase I trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Modeling and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry using network disease dynamics.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Experimental Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Alpacas, 2026.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Reassortment of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza as a Driver for Zoonotic Spillover, Asia.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Neutralizing and protective monoclonal antibodies identify antigenic sites in influenza H7 hemagglutinin and select for amino acid substitutions rarely observed at the global level.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Cellular tropism of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in human respiratory and bovine mammary epithelial cells.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Multiple introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses into the High Arctic: Svalbard and Jan Mayen, 2022-2025.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Evolving dynamics of H5Nx avian influenza in China revealed by long-term wild bird surveillance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cattle and human organoids reveal 2.3.4.4b H5N1 cross-species transmission potential and neuraminidase-specific neutralizing antibodies in humans.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Human H5N1 Infection From Consumption of Fluid Cow's Milk.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026Article
- An overview of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b and its emerging threat in mainland Australia: Identified knowledge gaps.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Detection of antibodies to avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in naturally infected cattle for more than a year.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hemagglutinin E190D substitution in clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) influenza virus reduces receptor binding and viral fitness.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Article
- Population immunity to clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 is dominated by anti-neuraminidase antibodies.mBio · 2026Article
- Cross-reactive human antibody responses to H5N1 influenza virus neuraminidase are shaped by immune history.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Disentangling the drivers and host-mediated global spread of H7 influenza A virus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Quantitative microbial risk assessment of human H5N1 infection from consumption of fluid cow's milk.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Rapid expansion of genotype D1.1 A(H5N1) influenza viruses in wild birds across North America during the 2024 migratory season.Nature medicine · 2026Article
104 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b underwent an explosive geographic expansion in 2021 among wild birds and domestic poultry across Asia, Europe, and Africa. By the end of 2021, 2.3.4.4b viruses were detected in North America, signifying further intercontinental spread. Here we show that the western movement of clade 2.3.4.4b was quickly followed by reassortment with viruses circulating in wild birds in North America, resulting in the acquisition of different combinations of ribonucleoprotein genes. These reassortant A(H5N1) viruses are genotypically and phenotypically diverse, with many causing severe disease with dramatic neurologic involvement in mammals. The proclivity of the current A(H5N1) 2.3.4.4b virus lineage to reassort and target the central nervous system warrants concerted planning to combat the spread and evolution of the virus within the continent and to mitigate the impact of a potential influenza pandemic that could originate from similar A(H5N1) reassortants.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.