ArticleVaccine2023
Estimating global changes in routine childhood vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020-2021.
Article in Vaccine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccination in Forcibly Displaced, Pediatric Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Global spatiotemporal analysis in hepatitis B third dose vaccine coverage from 1980-2023 across 204 countries and territories.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Analysing outbreak signals, 2013-2024: The amsterdam UMC centre for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine Epi Alert programme - an observational study.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Communication strategies in childhood vaccine hesitancy: a scoping review.Revista de saude publica · 2026Article
- Assessing hesitancy towards paediatric vaccines among healthcare professionals: A descriptive cross-sectional study from the United Arab Emirates.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Disruption and Maternal and Child Health Services: Evidence from India.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- Trends in DTP3 Vaccination in Asia (2012-2023).Vaccines · 2025Article
- Trends in pediatric vaccination coverage in Italy from 2000 to 2023.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Saudi Heart Association Position Statement on Adult Vaccinations for Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2025Article
- Missed opportunities for vaccination among healthcare-seeking children: a cross-sectional study in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 2023.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Adult influenza vaccination coverage before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Direct and indirect effects of hepatitis B vaccination in four low- and middle-income countries.Epidemics · 2024Article
- How does geographical diversity shape vaccine efficacy?Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Review
- Driving forces of continuing evolution of rotaviruses.World journal of virology · 2024Review
- Article
- Twenty Years of Progress and the Way Forward: Immunization Registry Information System in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Review
- Article
- Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?Vaccines · 2024Article
- Vaccine Hesitancy and Public Mistrust during Pandemic Decline: Findings from 2021 and 2023 Cross-Sectional Surveys in Northern Italy.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Determinants of COVID-19 vaccination coverage in European and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the distribution of routine immunizations globally. Multi-country studies assessing a wide spectrum of vaccines and their coverage rates are needed to determine global performance in achieving vaccination goals.
methodsGlobal vaccine coverage data for 16 antigens were obtained from WHO/UNICEF Estimates of National Immunization Coverage. Tobit regression was performed for all country-antigen pairs for which data were continuously available between 2015-2020 or 2015-2021 to predict vaccine coverage in 2020/2021. Vaccines for which multi-dose data were available were assessed to determine whether vaccine coverage for subsequent doses were lower than that of first doses.
resultsVaccine coverage was significantly lower-than-predicted for 13/16 antigens in 2020 and all assessed antigens in 2021. Lower-than-predicted vaccine coverage was typically observed in South America, Africa, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Asia. There was a statistically significant coverage drop for subsequent doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, pneumococcus, and rotavirus vaccines compared to first doses in 2020 and 2021.
conclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic exerted larger disruptions to routine vaccination services in 2021 than in 2020. Global efforts will be needed to recoup vaccine coverage losses sustained during the pandemic and broaden vaccine access in areas where coverage was previously inadequate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.