Trial reportThe Journal of nutrition2023
Metabolomics-Based Biomarker for Dietary Fat and Associations with Chronic Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women.
Trial report in The Journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00000611 (Women's Health Initiative), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Women's Health Initiative (WHI)
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Energy intake is associated with dietary macronutrient densities: inversely with protein and monounsaturated fat and positively with polyunsaturated fat and carbohydrate among postmenopausal females.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Serum-based biomarker development for dietary macronutrient densities and their association with breast and colorectal cancer risk in a cohort of postmenopausal females.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Biomarkers for dietary fatty acid densities among postmenopausal United States females derived using a habitual-diet human feeding study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Mitigation of Metabolic Diseases Through Personalized Nutrition: A Critical In-Depth Review.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Diet and Chronic Disease Research in the Women's Health Initiative.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2024Review
- Commentary on the Women's Health Initiative: Over 30 Years of Contribution to Nutrition and Dietetics.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2024Article
- Intake Biomarkers for Nutrition and Health: Review and Discussion of Methodology Issues.Metabolites · 2024Review
- Reply to W Willett.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- NMR-based metabolomics: Where are we now and where are we going?Progress in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized, controlled Dietary Modification (DM) trial of a low-fat dietary pattern suggested intervention benefits related to breast cancer, coronary heart disease (CHD), and diabetes. Here, we use WHI observational data for further insight into the chronic disease implications of adopting this type of low-fat dietary pattern.
objectivesWe aimed to use our earlier work on metabolomics-based biomarkers of carbohydrate and protein to develop a fat intake biomarker by subtraction, to use the resulting biomarker to develop calibration equations that adjusts self-reported fat intake for measurement error, and to study associations of biomarker-calibrated fat intake with chronic disease risk in WHI cohorts. Corresponding studies for specific fatty acids will follow separately.
methodsProspective disease association results are presented using WHI cohorts of postmenopausal women, aged 50-79 y when enrolled at 40 United States clinical centers. Biomarker equations were developed using an embedded human feeding study (n = 153). Calibration equations were developed using a WHI nutritional biomarker study (n = 436). Calibrated intakes were associated with cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes incidence in WHI cohorts (n = 81,954) over an approximate 20-y follow-up period.
resultsA biomarker for fat density was developed by subtracting protein, carbohydrate, and alcohol densities from one. A calibration equation was developed for fat density. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 20% higher fat density were 1.16 (1.06, 1.27) for breast cancer, 1.13 (1.02, 1.26) for CHD, and 1.19 (1.13, 1.26) for diabetes, in substantial agreement with findings from the DM trial. With control for additional dietary variables, especially fiber, fat density was no longer associated with CHD, with hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.00 (0.88, 1.13), whereas that for breast cancer was 1.11 (1.00, 1.24).
conclusionsWHI observational data support prior DM trial findings of low-fat dietary pattern benefits in this population of postmenopausal United States women. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00000611.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.