ArticleAllergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology2023
Development of a primary care screening algorithm for the early detection of patients at risk of primary antibody deficiency.
Article in Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05310604 (Early Detection of Primary Antibody Deficiencies in Primary Care Facilities by an Algorithm Driven Selection of Serologic Testing in Individuals at Risk.), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Detection of Primary Antibody Deficiencies in Primary Care Facilities by an Algorithm Driven Selection of Serologic Testing in Individuals at Risk.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current perspectives and challenges of using artificial intelligence in immunodeficiencies.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Navigating disruption in the PID landscape: embracing opportunities and anticipating threats in the next ten years.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- New tools for diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies: from awareness to artificial intelligence.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Building alliances for early detection of immunodeficiencies: from primary care to hematology.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Management of a Patient with Cardiovascular Disease Should Include Assessment of Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiencies: Part 1-Primary Immunodeficiencies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Oral Diseases as a Manifestation of Inborn Errors of Immunity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Fecal microbiota transplantation in a patient with chronic diarrhea and primary and secondary immunodeficiency (common variable immunodeficiency and splenectomy).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Clinical Validation of a Primary Antibody Deficiency Screening Algorithm for Primary Care.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrimary antibody deficiencies (PAD) are characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and low prevalence, contributing to a median diagnostic delay of 3-10 years. This increases the risk of morbidity and mortality from undiagnosed PAD, which may be prevented with adequate therapy. To reduce the diagnostic delay of PAD, we developed a screening algorithm using primary care electronic health record (EHR) data to identify patients at risk of PAD. This screening algorithm can be used as an aid to notify general practitioners when further laboratory evaluation of immunoglobulins should be considered, thereby facilitating a timely diagnosis of PAD.
methodsCandidate components for the algorithm were based on a broad range of presenting signs and symptoms of PAD that are available in primary care EHRs. The decision on inclusion and weight of the components in the algorithm was based on the prevalence of these components among PAD patients and control groups, as well as clinical rationale.
resultsWe analyzed the primary care EHRs of 30 PAD patients, 26 primary care immunodeficiency patients and 58,223 control patients. The median diagnostic delay of PAD patients was 9.5 years. Several candidate components showed a clear difference in prevalence between PAD patients and controls, most notably the mean number of antibiotic prescriptions in the 4 years prior to diagnosis (5.14 vs. 0.48). The final algorithm included antibiotic prescriptions, diagnostic codes for respiratory tract and other infections, gastro-intestinal complaints, auto-immune symptoms, malignancies and lymphoproliferative symptoms, as well as laboratory values and visits to the general practitioner.
conclusionsIn this study, we developed a screening algorithm based on a broad range of presenting signs and symptoms of PAD, which is suitable to implement in primary care. It has the potential to considerably reduce diagnostic delay in PAD, and will be validated in a prospective study. Trial registration The consecutive prospective study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov under NCT05310604.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.