ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2023
Perceived racism associated with declines in self-rated oral health among U.S. Black women.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Discrimination and (In)dignity in the Oral Health Care Setting and Oral Health Outcomes: A Latent Class Analysis.Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 2026Article
- Impact of structural and interpersonal racism on oral health and dental services.Revista de saude publica · 2026Article
- Neighborhood Disadvantage, Individual Experiences of Racism, and Breast Cancer Survival.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Perceived racial discrimination, resilience, and oral health behaviours of adolescents with immigrant backgrounds.PloS one · 2025Article
- Discrimination and Dignity Experiences in Prior Oral Care Visits Predict Racialized Oral Health Inequities Among Nationally Representative US Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Validity of individual self-report oral health measures in assessing periodontitis for causal research applications.Journal of periodontology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeRacial disparities in oral health are well-documented. Stress has been associated with both perceived racism and oral health, yet little research has directly investigated the association between perceived racism and oral health.
methodsWe used data from the Black Women's Health Study, a longitudinal cohort study that includes a geographically diverse sample of Black women across the United States. Perceived exposure to racism was assessed via two scales, one assessing lifetime exposure and one everyday exposure. Self-rated oral health was subsequently assessed over multiple time points. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate adjusted incidence rate ratios estimating the association between higher levels of perceived racism and incident "fair" or "poor" oral health, and explored potential effect measure modification using stratified models.
resultsThe adjusted incidence rate ratios (n = 27,008) relating perceived racism to incident fair or poor oral health were 1.50 (95% confidence interval 1.35, 1.66) comparing the highest quartile of everyday racism to the lowest and 1.45 (95% confidence interval 1.31, 1.61) for the highest score of lifetime racism compared to the lowest. We did not see evidence of effect modification.
conclusionsHigher levels of perceived racism documented in 2009 were associated with declines in self-rated oral health from 2011 to 2019.
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