SynthesisViruses2023
The Role of CTLA-4 in T Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.
Synthesis in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Molecular Interplay of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis: Insights into Telomere Biology, Oxidative Stress, and Drug Resistance Mechanisms.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- T Cell Exhaustion in Cancer Immunotherapy: Heterogeneity, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- T Cell Exhaustion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Substantial Barrier in Immunotherapy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune Mechanisms in Traumatic Brain Injury and Cancer: Parallel Courses or Existence in Different Orbits.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis B in children: an immunological perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hepatic Viral Reservoirs in Concurrent HIV and HBV: From Mechanistic Insight to Integrated Cure Strategies.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Research Progress on Mechanisms of Immune Tolerance Induced by Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Chronic HBV Infection.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Article
- Chimeric CD3ζ chains containing CD28 signalling motifs enhance antigen-specific IL-2 production and expansion of human TCR-engineered T cellsImmunotherapy advances · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy in central nervous system tumors.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- Exploration of signature-related FAM genes and correlation between FAM50A expression and the pathogenesis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Article
- Viral-Track integrated single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals HBV lymphotropism and immunosuppressive microenvironment in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.Communications biology · 2025Article
- T Cell Exhaustion in Allergic Diseases and Allergen Immunotherapy: A Novel Biomarker?Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- Juruaça virus taxonomy, tolerance and resistance to infection, and inflammatory response modulation in murine model.Npj viruses · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) gradually develop T cell exhaustion, and the inhibitory receptor molecule, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), may play a role in this phenomenon. This systematic review investigates the role of CTLA-4 in the development of T cell exhaustion in CHB. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Embase on 31 March 2023 to identify relevant studies. Fifteen studies were included in this review. A majority of the studies investigating CD8
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.