ArticlePolymers2023
Carboxymethyl Cellulose as a Food Emulsifier: Are Its Days Numbered?
Article in Polymers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Trial: The Effects of Emulsifiers in the Food Supply on Disease Activity in Crohn's Disease: An Exploratory Double-Blinded Randomised Feeding Trial.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Trial
- Enzymatic Hydrolysates fromMarine drugs · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota Modulation by Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Carrageenan: Current Evidence and Health Implications.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Investigating the Role of Diet-Manipulated Gut Bacteria in Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-AnNutrients · 2026Article
- Encapsulated probiotics and nanoprobiotics - Biocompatible materials, processing technologies, and applications: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Review
- Sustainable Durian Rind Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Poly(vinyl) Alcohol Hydrogels Synthesis for Enhancing Crosslinking and Release Kinetics Efficiency.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- New Biodegradable Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Films with Liquid Products of Wood Pine Pyrolysis with Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Optimal Choice of the Regularization Parameter for Direct Identification of Polymers Relaxation Time and Frequency Spectra.Polymers · 2024Article
- Biopolymeric Inhalable Dry Powders for Pulmonary Drug Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Enhancing Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Delivery Through Bigel Technology.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Monitoring fish freshness with pH-sensitive hydrogel films containing quercetin or eucalyptol.Food chemistry: X · 2024Article
- Integrated Valorization ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Biological Potential and Bioaccessibility of Encapsulated Curcumin into Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose use in industry is ubiquitous. Though it is recognized as safe by the EFSA and FDA, newer works have raised concerns related to its safety, as in vivo studies showed evidence of gut dysbiosis associated with CMC's presence. Herein lies the question, is CMC a gut pro-inflammatory compound? As no work addressed this question, we sought to understand whether CMC was pro-inflammatory through the immunomodulation of GI tract epithelial cells. The results showed that while CMC was not cytotoxic up to 25 mg/mL towards Caco-2, HT29-MTX and Hep G2 cells, it had an overall pro-inflammatory behavior. In a Caco-2 monolayer, CMC by itself increased IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α secretion, with the latter increasing by 1924%, and with these increases being 9.7 times superior to the one obtained for the IL-1β pro-inflammation control. In co-culture models, an increase in secretion in the apical side, particularly for IL-6 (692% increase), was observed, and when RAW 264.7 was added, data showed a more complex scenario as stimulation of pro-inflammatory (IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IFN-β) cytokines in the basal side was observed. Considering these results, CMC may exert a pro-inflammatory effect in the intestinal lumen, and despite more studies being required, the incorporation of CMC in foodstuffs must be carefully considered in the future to minimize potential GI tract dysbiosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.