ArticlePolymers2023
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and Polycaprolactone (PCL) Based Blends for Tissue Engineering and Bone Medical Applications Processed by FDM 3D Printing.
Article in Polymers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Controlling the Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) through Lignin-Containing Organogels.Biomacromolecules · 2026Article
- Parameter Optimisation in 3D Extrusion Printing of Polyhydroxybutyrate Using Design of Experiment Methodology.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- From Waste to Treasure: Therapeutic Horizons of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Modern Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Environmental and Ecological Monitoring with Biodegradable Technologies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- GelMA-Based Nanocomposites for Bone Defect Regeneration: Design, Performance, and Clinical Translation Potential.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Development of a 3D-printable bioactive polycaprolactone-collagen peptides filament for biomedical applications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A novel fully biobased material composite for cosmetic packaging applications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Biodegradation of Poly(ε-caprolactone): Microorganisms, Enzymes, and Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Application of biphasic mineralized collagen/polycaprolactone scaffolds in the repair of large load-bearing bone defects: A study in a sheep model.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Article
- Development, in vitro, and in vivo assessments of PCL-gelatin-βTCP fibrous scaffolds for cardiac regeneration.BioImpacts : BI · 2025Article
- Influence of Oligomeric Lactic Acid and Structural Design on Biodegradation and Absorption of PLA-PHB Blends for Tissue Engineering.Polymers · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- New Generation of Osteoinductive and Antimicrobial Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review.Polymers · 2024Review
- Cellulose/Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Composites as a Sustainable Bio-Based Feedstock to 3D-Printing Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Towards Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering: A Biomimetic Approach in a 3D Printing Technique.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In the presented work, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-PHB-based composite blends for bone medical applications and tissue engineering are prepared and characterized. PHB used for the work was in two cases commercial and, in one case, was extracted by the chloroform-free route. PHB was then blended with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or polycaprolactone (PCL) and plasticized by oligomeric adipate ester (Syncroflex, SN). Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particles were used as a bioactive filler. Prepared polymer blends were processed into the form of 3D printing filaments. The samples for all the tests performed were prepared by FDM 3D printing or compression molding. Differential scanning calorimetry was conducted to evaluate the thermal properties, followed by optimization of printing temperature by temperature tower test and determination of warping coefficient. Tensile test, three-point flexural test, and compression test were performed to study the mechanical properties of materials. Optical contact angle measurement was conducted to determine the surface properties of these blends and their influence on cell adhesion. Cytotoxicity measurement of prepared blends was conducted to find out whether the prepared materials were non-cytotoxic. The best temperatures for 3D printing were 195/190, 195/175, and 195/165 °C for PHB-soap/PLA-SN, PHB/PCL-SN, and PHB/PCL-SN-TCP, respectively. Their mechanical properties (strengths ~40 MPa, moduli ~2.5 GPa) were comparable with human trabecular bone. The calculated surface energies of all blends were ~40 mN/m. Unfortunately, only two out of three materials were proven to be non-cytotoxic (both PHB/PCL blends).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.