ArticlePolymers2023
On the Thermomechanical Behavior of 3D-Printed Specimens of Shape Memory R-PETG.
Article in Polymers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Waste-derived and recycled shape-memory polymers and composites: feedstocks, processing, performance, and circularity challenges.Biodegradation · 2026Review
- Compositional Effects of the Structure and Properties of 3D Printed Stratified rPET/rPETG Shape Memory Composites.Polymers · 2026Article
- Enhancing the Performance of FFF-Printed Parts: A Review of Reinforcement and Modification Strategies for Thermoplastic Polymers.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Highlighting Free-Recovery and Work-Generating Shape Memory Effects at 80r-PET Thermoformed Cups.Polymers · 2024Article
- Additively Manufactured Carbon Fibre PETG Composites: Effect of Print Parameters on Mechanical Properties.Polymers · 2024Article
- Variations in the Thermomechanical and Structural Properties during the Cooling of Shape-Memory R-PETG.Polymers · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
From commercial pellets of recycled polyethylene terephthalate glycol (R-PETG), 1.75 mm diameter filaments for 3D printing were produced. By varying the filament's deposition direction between 10° and 40° to the transversal axis, parallelepiped specimens were fabricated by additive manufacturing. When bent at room temperature (RT), both the filaments and the 3D-printed specimens recovered their shape during heating, either without any constraint or while lifting a load over a certain distance. In this way, free-recovery and work-generating shape memory effects (SMEs) were developed. The former could be repeated without any visible fatigue marks for as much as 20 heating (to 90 °C)-RT cooling-bending cycles, while the latter enabled the lifting of loads over 50 times heavier than the active specimens. Tensile static failure tests revealed the superiority of the specimens printed at larger angles over those printed at 10°, since the specimens printed at 40° had tensile failure stresses and strains over 35 MPa and 8.5%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographs displayed the structure of the successively deposited layers and a shredding tendency enhanced by the increase in the deposition angle. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis enabled the identification of the glass transition between 67.5 and 77.3 °C, which might explain the occurrence of SMEs in both the filament and 3D-printed specimens. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) emphasized a local increase in storage modulus of 0.87-1.66 GPa that occurred during heating, which might explain the development of work-generating SME in both filament and 3D-printed specimens. These properties recommend 3D-printed parts made of R-PETG as active elements in low-price lightweight actuators operating between RT and 63 °C.
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