ArticlePharmaceutics2023
Co-Delivery of Loxoprofen and Tofacitinib by Photothermal Microneedles for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted nanocarriers integrating photodynamic and photothermal therapy: a paradigm shift in rheumatoid arthritis treatment.Nanoscale advances · 2026Review
- Multi-Technology Empowers Dissolving Microneedles: A Novel Strategy in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Research Progress on Self-Assembling Delivery Systems in Rheumatoid Arthritis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Progressive microneedles for targeting and intelligent drug delivery.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Drug Delivery Strategies for Age-Related Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Nanotechnology-empowered combination therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: principles, strategies, and challenges.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems: An Important Direction for Drug Innovation Research and Development.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of synovial inflammation that affects populations worldwide. Transdermal drug delivery systems for treating RA have increased but remain challenging. We fabricated a dissolving microneedle (MN) system with photothermal (PT) polydopamine (PDA) to co-load the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug loxoprofen (Lox) and the Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib (Tof), with the aim of co-delivering Lox and Tof directly to the articular cavity, aided by the combination of MN and PT. In vitro and in vivo permeation studies showed that the PT MN significantly promoted drug permeation and retention in the skin. An in vivo visualization of the drug distribution in the articular cavity showed that the PT MN significantly promoted drug retention in the articular cavity. Importantly, compared to the intra-articular injection of Lox and Tof, the application of the PT MN to a carrageenan/kaolin-induced arthritis rat model exhibited superior performance in reducing joint swelling, muscle atrophy, and cartilage destruction. Furthermore, the PT MN downregulated the mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.