ReviewNutrients2023
Beyond BMI.
Review in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of triglyceride-glucose-related composite obesity indices with cardiovascular diseases and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Pooled it
- Liver and cardiovascular outcomes in lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of about 1 million individuals.Hepatology international · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of branched-chain amino acids on changes in body composition during the recovery period following tonsillectomy.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Obesity is a risk factor for poor response to treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis: a NORD-STAR study.RMD open · 2024Trial
- Migraine and Obesity: From Shared Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Clinical obesity in Asian people: bridging the gap between adiposity and disease.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Clinical Assessment of Obesity Beyond Body Mass Index: Adiposity Evaluation, Body-Composition Phenotyping and Disease Staging: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- BMI threshold associates with increased 30-day complications after total thyroidectomy surgery.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- The Clinical Outcomes of Preclinical and Clinical Obesity Across Multiple Cohorts.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
- Clinical and Preclinical Obesity in Korean Adults from 2014 to 2023 (Diabetes Metab J 2026;50:127-38).Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Article
- Life-course trajectories of cardiovascular disease risk factors in rural India: Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (APCAPS) 2003-2023.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio as predictors of insulin resistance in Syrian adult women: A cross-sectional study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Association of Total Body Fat Percentiles, Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health Biomarkers in Adults in the United States.Obesity science & practice · 2026Article
- Independent association between relative fat mass and total bone mineral density in U.S. adolescents: a cross-sectional study adjusting for Appendicular Lean Mass Index.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Assessment of BMI percentages of obesity thresholds and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Beijing.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Obesity trajectories based on the European association for the study diagnostic framework and their associations with cardiovascular disease: evidence from two longitudinal cohorts.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Better BMI: Novel Digital Anthropometry Equations for Adiposity Assessment in the Chinese Population.Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Relationship between A Body Shape Index and sleep disorders among the U.S. population: A cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review examined the origins of the concept of the BMI in the work of Quetelet in the 19th century and its subsequent adoption and use in tracking the course of the pandemic of obesity during the 20th century. In this respect, it has provided a valuable international epidemiological tool that should be retained. However, as noted in this review, the BMI is deficient in at least three ways. First, it does not measure body fat distribution, which is probably a more important guide to the risk of excess adiposity than the BMI itself. Second, it is not a very good measure of body fat, and thus its application to the diagnosis of obesity or excess adiposity in the individual patient is limited. Finally, the BMI does not provide any insights into the heterogeneity of obesity or its genetic, metabolic, physiological or psychological origins. Some of these mechanisms are traced in this review.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.