Synthesis of Nano-Structured Ge as Transmissive or Reflective Saturable Absorber for Mode-Locked Fiber Laser.

Chi-Cheng Yang, Chih-Hsien Cheng, Ting-Hui Chen, Yung-Hsiang Lin, Jr-Hau He, Din-Ping Tsai, Gong-Ru Lin

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Chi-Cheng YangGraduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.

Chih-Hsien ChengOptical Access Technology Laboratory, Photonic ICT Research Center, Network Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei 184-8795, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-6482-869X

Ting-Hui ChenGraduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.

Yung-Hsiang LinGraduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.

Jr-Hau HeDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.

Din-Ping TsaiDepartment of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0883-9906

Gong-Ru LinGraduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0003-2061-1282

Funding

National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan MOST 109-2221-E-002-184-MY3, MOST 110-2221-E-002-100-MY3, MOST 111-2124-M-A49-004-, NSTC 111-2119-M-002-009-, NSTC 111-2622-E-002-035-, NSTC 111-3114-E-002-001-, NSTC 111-2221-E-002-143-MY3, and NSTC 111-2224-E-A49-001-

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Amorphous-Ge (α-Ge) or free-standing nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized via hydrogen-free plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) were applied as transmissive or reflective saturable absorbers, respectively, for starting up passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs). Under a threshold pumping power of 41 mW for mode-locking the EDFL, the transmissive α-Ge film could serve as a saturable absorber with a modulation depth of 52-58%, self-starting EDFL pulsation with a pulsewidth of approximately 700 fs. Under a high power of 155 mW, the pulsewidth of the EDFL mode-locked by the 15 s-grown α-Ge was suppressed to 290 fs, with a corresponding spectral linewidth of 8.95 nm due to the soliton compression induced by intra-cavity self-phase modulation. The Ge-NP-on-Au (Ge-NP/Au) films could also serve as a reflective-type saturable absorber to passively mode-lock the EDFL with a broadened pulsewidth of 3.7-3.9 ps under a high-gain operation with 250 mW pumping power. The reflection-type Ge-NP/Au film was an imperfect mode-locker, owing to their strong surface-scattered deflection in the near-infrared wavelength region. From the abovementioned results, both ultra-thin α-Ge film and free-standing Ge NP exhibit potential as transmissive and reflective saturable absorbers, respectively, for ultrafast fiber lasers.

Indexed as

Ge nanoparticleGe Saturable Absorberpassive mode-lockingsaturable absorptionultrafast fiber laser

Identifiers

PMID37242115

DOI10.3390/nano13101697

PMCPMC10223530

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.