ReviewJournal of personalized medicine2023
Multiple General Anesthesia in Children: A Systematic Review of Its Effect on Neurodevelopment.
Review in Journal of personalized medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peritoneal drainage versus laparotomy as initial treatment for surgical necrotising enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation in preterm very low birth weight infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Hand Surgery: An Environmental Analysis of the Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet Approach for Pediatric Trigger Thumb Release.Journal of hand surgery global online · 2026Article
- Laser Therapy for Cutaneous Vascular Anomalies: Efficacy, Safety, and Innovations.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2026Review
- Can intraoperative electroencephalogram finally prevent emergence delirium in children?Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Is surgery always necessary for multiple magnet ingestion in children?-evidence for an endoscopy-first approach.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Values of General Anesthetics: From Developmental Neurotoxicity to Neurotherapeutic Agents.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Imaging Modalities in Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review and Proposal of the ARCANA Protocol for Multimodal Radiation-Free Assessment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Intestinal Reconstruction in Infants Under Epidural Anesthesia Without Invasive Airway: A Prospective Case Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association between general anesthesia for cesarean delivery and subsequent developmental disorders in children: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the correlation between Drp1 protein and the neurotoxicity of propofol.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Risk of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder After General Anesthesia in Infants and Toddlers: A Propensity Score-Matched Population-Based Cohort Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
- The effects of general anesthetics on mitochondrial structure and function in the developing brain.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The effect of multiple general anesthesia (mGA) procedures administered in early life is a critical theme and has led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to issue an alert. This systematic review seeks to explore the potential effects on neurodevelopment of mGA on patients under 4 years. The Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for publications up to 31 March 2021. The databases were searched for publications regarding "children multiple general anesthesia OR pediatric multiple general anesthesia". Case reports, animal studies and expert opinions were excluded. Systematic reviews were not included, but they were screened to identify any possible additional information. A total of 3156 studies were identified. After removing the duplicates, screening the remaining records and analyzing the systematic reviews' bibliography, 10 studies were considered suitable for inclusion. Comprehensively, a total cohort of 264.759 unexposed children and 11.027 exposed children were assessed for neurodevelopmental outcomes. Only one paper did not find any statistically significant difference between exposed and unexposed children in terms of neurodevelopmental alterations. Controlled studies on mGA administered before 4 years of age support that there might be a greater risk of neurodevelopmental delay in children receiving mGA, warranting the need for careful risk/benefit considerations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.